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Assess how far learning theories have developed over time. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 15 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 15
Assess how far learning theories have developed over time.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Assess how far learning theories have developed over time. - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 15 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
Classical Conditioning Theory
Answer
Classical conditioning, as proposed by Pavlov in 1927, suggests that a neutral stimulus can become associated with an unconditioned instinctive response. This foundational theory laid the groundwork for understanding how behaviors can be learned through associative learning.
Step 2
Operant Conditioning
Answer
Operant conditioning was developed later to focus on how behavior is influenced by its consequences. This theory emphasizes that behaviors are shaped by rewards and punishments, leading to the development of practical applications such as behavioral reinforcement techniques. Despite its initial success, its scope has been limited due to new theories that offer more comprehensive explanations.
Step 3
Social Learning Theory
Answer
Albert Bandura advanced social learning theory, which emphasizes learning through observation and imitation. This theory accounts for individual autonomy and the role of social models in shaping behavior, marking a significant development from earlier conditioning theories. Bandura's focus on the cognitive aspects of learning has expanded the understanding of how behavior is modeled and reproduced in society.
Step 4
Impact of Sociocultural Factors
Answer
The evolution of learning theories is also influenced by sociocultural factors. Since the 1960s, approaches reflecting societal changes have emerged, leading to new insights into human behavior. For instance, Bandura's research emphasized the impact of role models, reflecting the dynamic nature of learning theories in response to changing societal contexts.