Read Item I below and answer the question that follows - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 14 - 2022 - Paper 2

Way 1: Economic Hardship and Social Uncertainty

One significant way social change can lead to the growth of sects is through the economic hardship faced by individuals. During periods of social change, such as increased poverty, people often experience feelings of uncertainty and insecurity in their lives. This sense of instability may lead individuals to seek solace and certainty in the teachings and community provided by sects.

For instance, groups may offer a clear structure, meaning, and sense of purpose that contrasts with the chaos of their circumstances. When traditional societal structures (like family, work, or community ties) weaken, sects may emerge as alternative sources of support, providing individuals with both emotional and social resources to cope with their struggles.

Way 2: Loss of Traditional Values and Search for Identity

Another way in which social change can facilitate the growth of sects is through the erosion of traditional values and norms. As societies evolve, individuals may find themselves disconnected from the belief systems that once provided them with identity and purpose. This disconnection frequently occurs in rapidly changing societies where values and cultural norms are contested or transformed.

In this context, sects can attract individuals seeking a strong sense of identity and belonging. They may provide a clear set of beliefs and practices that fulfill the need for community and spiritual fulfillment, which is increasingly perceived to be lacking in broader society. The sect's emphasis on collective identity can be particularly appealing to those who feel marginalized or lost in a changing world.