Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances. Table 1 shows the mass of the substances in a sample of methylated spirit. Table 1 | Substance | Mass in grams | |----------------|---------------| | Ethanol | 265.5 | | Methanol | 23.3 | | Pyridine | 3.0 | | Methyl violet | 1.5 | What name is given to a useful product such as methylated spirit? Calculate the percentage by mass of methanol in methylated spirit. Use Table 1. Methylated spirit contains ethanol and is available cheaply. Methylated spirit also contains: - pyridine which has a very unpleasant smell - methyl violet which makes the mixture purple. Suggest why pyridine and methyl violet are added to ethanol to make methylated spirit. Suggest one use of methylated spirit. Describe how ethanol is produced from sugar solution. Give the name of this process. Figure 2 shows part of the displayed formula for ethanol. Complete Figure 2. Name the gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol. Methanol is used to produce methanoic acid. What type of substance reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid?

GCSE AQA Chemistry Reactivity of Metals: Methylated spirit is a useful pr

Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2

Question 2

Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances. Table 1 shows the mass of the substances in a sample of methylated spirit. Table 1 | Subst... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2

Step 1

What name is given to a useful product such as methylated spirit?

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Answer

The name given to a useful product such as methylated spirit is a "formulation".

Step 2

Calculate the percentage by mass of methanol in methylated spirit. Use Table 1.

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Answer

To calculate the percentage by mass of methanol in methylated spirit, use the formula:

ext{Percentage by mass} = rac{ ext{Mass of methanol}}{ ext{Total mass of all substances}} imes 100

The total mass of substances is:

$ext{Total mass} = 265.5 + 23.3 + 3.0 + 1.5 = 293.3 ext{ grams}$

Now substitute the values into the formula:

$ext{Percentage by mass} = rac{23.3}{293.3} imes 100 \\ = 7.94 ext{ (rounded correctly)}$

Step 3

Suggest why pyridine and methyl violet are added to ethanol to make methylated spirit.

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Answer

Pyridine and methyl violet are added to deter consumption or drinking by people.

Step 4

Suggest one use of methylated spirit.

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Answer

One use of methylated spirit is as an antiseptic.

Step 5

Describe how ethanol is produced from sugar solution. Give the name of this process.

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Answer

Ethanol is produced from sugar solution through the process of fermentation. During fermentation, yeast is added to the sugar solution under anaerobic conditions (absence of oxygen) to convert the sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Step 6

Complete Figure 2.

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Answer

The completed figure for ethanol would be shown as:

     H   H
      \ /
       C
      / \
   H-C   OH
      |
      H

This represents the structural formula where the hydroxyl group (-OH) indicates that it is ethanol.

Step 7

Name the gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol.

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Answer

The gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol is hydrogen (H₂).

Step 8

What type of substance reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid?

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Answer

An oxidizing agent reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid.

Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Methylated spirit is a useful product made from a mixture of substances - AQA - GCSE Chemistry - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2

What name is given to a useful product such as methylated spirit?

Calculate the percentage by mass of methanol in methylated spirit. Use Table 1.

Suggest why pyridine and methyl violet are added to ethanol to make methylated spirit.

Suggest one use of methylated spirit.

Describe how ethanol is produced from sugar solution. Give the name of this process.

Complete Figure 2.

Name the gas produced when sodium is added to ethanol.

What type of substance reacts with methanol to produce methanoic acid?

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