In photosynthesis, which chemicals are needed for the light-dependent reaction? Tick (/) one box. - Reduced NADP, ADP, Pi, water and oxygen. - NADP, ATP and water. - Reduced NADP, ATP, water and carbon dioxide. - NADP, ADP, Pi and water. Describe what happens during photolysis in the light-dependent reaction. A student obtained a solution of pigments from the leaves of a plant. Then the student used paper chromatography to separate the pigments. Figure 5 shows the chromatogram produced: Figure 5 Explain why the student marked the origin using a pencil rather than using ink. Describe the method the student used to separate the pigments after the solution of pigments had been applied to the origin. Calculating the Rf values of the pigments can help to identify each pigment. An Rf value compares the distance the pigment has moved from the origin with the distance the solvent front has moved from the origin. $$R_f = \frac{\text{distance pigment has moved from the origin}}{\text{distance solvent front has moved from the origin}}$$ The distance each pigment has moved is measured from the middle of each spot. Pigment A has an Rf value of 0.95. Use Figure 5 to calculate the Rf value of pigment C. Rf value of pigment C = The pigments in leaves are different colours. Suggest and explain the advantage of having different coloured pigments in leaves.

A-Level AQA Biology Nutrient Cycles: In photosynthesis, which chemica

In photosynthesis, which chemicals are needed for the light-dependent reaction? Tick (/) one box - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2

Question 7

In photosynthesis, which chemicals are needed for the light-dependent reaction? Tick (/) one box. - Reduced NADP, ADP, Pi, water and oxygen. - NADP, ATP and water. ... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:In photosynthesis, which chemicals are needed for the light-dependent reaction? Tick (/) one box - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2

Step 1

Which chemicals are needed for the light-dependent reaction?

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Answer

The correct answer is: Reduced NADP, ADP, Pi, water and oxygen. This combination is essential for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Step 2

Describe what happens during photolysis in the light-dependent reaction.

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Answer

During photolysis, water molecules are split into oxygen, protons, and electrons when light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll. This process provides the electrons needed for the electron transport chain and releases oxygen as a byproduct.

Step 3

Explain why the student marked the origin using a pencil rather than using ink.

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Answer

The student marked the origin with a pencil to avoid ink mixing with the pigments during chromatography. Ink could dissolve in the solvent and interfere with the results by moving with the solvent front.

Step 4

Describe the method the student used to separate the pigments after the solution of pigments applied to the origin.

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Answer

The student placed the chromatography paper in a solvent. The solvent travels up the paper, carrying the pigments with it at varying rates. Each pigment's distinct mobility allows for separation based on their differing affinities for the paper and the solvent.

Step 5

Use Figure 5 to calculate the Rf value of pigment C.

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Answer

To calculate the Rf value of pigment C, measure the distance pigment C has moved from the origin and the distance the solvent front has moved. If pigment C moved 4 cm and the solvent front moved 10 cm, the Rf value would be:

$R_f = \frac{4 \text{ cm}}{10 \text{ cm}} = 0.4$

Step 6

Suggest and explain the advantage of having different coloured pigments in leaves.

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Answer

Having different coloured pigments in leaves allows plants to absorb a broader spectrum of light wavelengths. This enhances photosynthesis efficiency, as various pigments can capture light energy at different wavelengths, optimizing energy production. For example, chlorophyll primarily absorbs red and blue light, while carotenoids capture light in the green-yellow range, providing additional energy for the plant.

In photosynthesis, which chemicals are needed for the light-dependent reaction? Tick (/) one box - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2

Worked Solution & Example Answer:In photosynthesis, which chemicals are needed for the light-dependent reaction? Tick (/) one box - AQA - A-Level Biology - Question 7 - 2019 - Paper 2

Which chemicals are needed for the light-dependent reaction?

Describe what happens during photolysis in the light-dependent reaction.

Explain why the student marked the origin using a pencil rather than using ink.

Describe the method the student used to separate the pigments after the solution of pigments applied to the origin.

Use Figure 5 to calculate the Rf value of pigment C.

Suggest and explain the advantage of having different coloured pigments in leaves.

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