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Outline and explain two sociological perspectives on the purpose of social policy in society. - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 3
Question 5
Outline and explain two sociological perspectives on the purpose of social policy in society.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Outline and explain two sociological perspectives on the purpose of social policy in society. - AQA - A-Level Sociology - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 3
Step 1
Functionalist Perspective
Answer
The functionalist perspective views social policy as essential for maintaining social order and stability. Functionalists assert that social policies are formulated to meet the needs of society and to bring about gradual social change. Key proponents of this view, like Durkheim, argue that social policies serve to integrate individuals into the larger social structure, ensuring that everyone has access to basic needs such as education and healthcare. By addressing these needs, social policies help maintain a balance within society and promote cohesion, as individuals can rely on institutional support.
Step 2
New Right Perspective
Answer
In contrast, the New Right perspective emphasizes the importance of the free market and minimal state intervention in social policy. Proponents argue that excessive state involvement can undermine individual responsibility and initiative. The New Right asserts that social policies should encourage self-reliance and familial responsibility. For example, during the 1980s and 1990s, New Right politicians influenced policies that sought to reduce government involvement in areas such as welfare, favoring market solutions. This perspective critiques over-reliance on state provisions, arguing that they can create dependency rather than empowerment.