'German rearmament was the main cause of increased tension in Europe before the Second World War.' How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. - AQA - GCSE History - Question 4 - 2023 - Paper 1

While German rearmament was undoubtedly a significant factor contributing to the tension in Europe prior to the Second World War, it is important to consider other elements that also played crucial roles in escalating hostilities.

1. The Significance of German Rearmament: German rearmament began in earnest in the early 1930s, violating the Treaty of Versailles. This was seen as a direct threat by other European powers and led to increased anxiety about Hitler's ambitions in Europe. The remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936 further demonstrated Germany's defiance of the treaty, contributing to a climate of fear and suspicion.

2. The Role of Hitler's Foreign Policy: However, it was not merely rearmament that created tension; it was also Hitler's broader foreign policy objectives. Hitler sought to expand German territory, promote ethnonationalism, and overturn the post-World War I international order. His aggressive stance, as exemplified by the annexation of Austria in 1938, heightened tensions beyond the scope of rearmament alone.

3. The Policy of Appeasement: Another significant factor was the policy of appeasement adopted by Britain and France. Their reluctance to confront Germany and uphold the Treaty of Versailles allowed Hitler to pursue his ambitions unchecked. The Munich Agreement of 1938, which permitted the annexation of the Sudetenland, demonstrated how appeasement emboldened Hitler, further increasing tensions in Europe.

4. Alliances and Global Dynamics: Additionally, the complex web of alliances and the growing role of the USSR and the USA shaped the geopolitical landscape. Hitler's alliances with Italy and Japan created a new axis of power that also contributed to instability on the continent. Britain and France's failure to address rising fascism, not just in Germany but across Europe, also intensified tensions.

In conclusion, while German rearmament was a key factor in the increase of tension in Europe before the Second World War, it was not the sole cause. Instead, it should be viewed as part of a larger tapestry of aggressive policies and international dynamics that collectively led to the outbreak of war.