'Robert Peel's work was the most significant change in law enforcement in the years c1700-c1900' - Edexcel - GCSE History - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 1

To evaluate the significance of Robert Peel's contributions to law enforcement in comparison to other key developments from 1700 to 1900, we will explore two notable elements: the Bloody Code and the work of Henry Fielding.

The Bloody Code

The Bloody Code, which was in effect during the late 17th and early 18th centuries, included over 200 capital offences. Its overarching philosophy was based on the idea that severe punishments would deter crime. However, this approach proved ineffective and created public disdain towards the legal system, suggesting that while it was a significant element of law enforcement, it was inefficient and often applied unfairly.

Henry Fielding

Henry Fielding was a significant reformer in the realm of law enforcement, particularly through his establishment of the Bow Street Runners in the 1740s. He introduced systematic policing that focused on preventing crime rather than just punishing it. This was a pivotal shift that laid the groundwork for modern policing initiatives. Fielding's approach was more community-oriented and aimed at gathering information effectively, contrasting sharply with the draconian measures of the Bloody Code.

Robert Peel's Contributions

Robert Peel's influence, particularly through the formation of the Metropolitan Police in 1829, is often regarded as a watershed moment. Peel emphasized the principles of policing that were community-focused, with his famous nine principles underscoring the need for trust between the police and the public. Peel's work shifted the focus from punishment to crime prevention, establishing a more organized and humane approach to law enforcement.

Conclusion

While Robert Peel's methods were indeed foundational in shaping modern policing, the context of their significance becomes clearer when juxtaposed with the harsh realities of the Bloody Code and the earlier efforts of reformers like Henry Fielding. Thus, I would argue that Peel's work is significant, but it is essential to recognize it as a progression from prior inefficient systems rather than a standalone revolutionary change.