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Explain why the barons forced King John to agree to Magna Carta in 1215. - OCR Gateway - GCSE History - Question 2 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 2
Explain why the barons forced King John to agree to Magna Carta in 1215.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain why the barons forced King John to agree to Magna Carta in 1215. - OCR Gateway - GCSE History - Question 2 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Explain the heavy taxation imposed by King John
Answer
One major reason the barons forced King John to agree to the Magna Carta was due to his excessive taxation policies. To fund his military campaigns, King John placed significant financial burdens on the barons and the general populace, which infuriated many of his subjects. His taxation was seen as unjust and excessive, and the barons felt that this was an infringement on their rights.
Step 2
Discuss the military failures of King John
Answer
King John's military failures, particularly the loss of the Duchy of Normandy to King Philip II of France in 1204, also contributed to the barons' grievances. The defeat not only diminished the king's power but also undermined the barons' status and land holdings. The barons wanted a king who could protect their interests, and John's inability to do so led to calls for change.
Step 3
Mention the arbitrary rule and disregard for feudal rights
Answer
Another significant factor was King John's arbitrary rule. He often disregarded the traditional rights and privileges afforded to the barons under the feudal system. His actions included seizing lands without proper justification and dismissing the counsel of his advisors, which alienated the barons further and made them push for a charter that would limit his powers.
Step 4
Highlight the call for a formal agreement
Answer
Finally, the barons sought a formal agreement that would ensure protection of their rights and liberties. The Magna Carta was viewed as a solution to restore balance between the king and his subjects by codifying these rights. The demand for the charter stemmed from the barons' desire to bring governance back into acceptable bounds, making it clear that the king was not above the law.