Photo AI
Michael has just been diagnosed with schizophrenia - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 6 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 6
Michael has just been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His symptoms include hearing voices telling him what to do, and not being able to put his thoughts into a logical... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Michael has just been diagnosed with schizophrenia - AQA - A-Level Psychology - Question 6 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
AO1: The Role of Neurotransmitters
Answer
It is believed that an excess of dopamine receptor sites in the brain may lead to schizophrenia by causing the brain to use too much dopamine. Schizophrenics often have a higher number of D2 receptor sites, which can lead to increased dopamine effects. Moreover, the role of glutamate is critical; it has been suggested that a decrease in glutamate can result in increased dopamine levels, which in turn may exacerbate schizophrenia symptoms. Increased serotonin activity can also contribute to both positive and negative symptoms of the disorder.
Step 2
AO2: Michael's Context and Neurotransmitter Function
Answer
If Michael has elevated dopamine levels in his mesolimbic system, it may explain his auditory hallucinations, such as hearing voices. His withdrawal from friends could also be a result of these neurotransmitter imbalances. Notably, his use of PCP, which acts as a glutamate antagonist, might have impacted his brain's chemistry and contributed to his symptoms. Additionally, Michael might have lower serotonin levels, which could account for both the positive symptoms, like hallucinations, and negative symptoms, including lack of energy.
Step 3
AO3: Broader Implications and Alternative Explanations
Answer
Research has shown that dopamine, glutamate, and serotonin play prominent roles in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. For example, studies by Carlsson et al. (2000) illustrate the interconnected nature of these neurotransmitters. However, it is important to understand that the genetic factors might also play a significant role in the disorder's development. Genetic predispositions may influence neurotransmitter functioning, and thus Michael's family history cannot be overlooked. Furthermore, while anti-psychotic drugs targeting dopamine receptors help reduce symptoms, they do not provide a complete understanding of the condition, suggesting that other biological, psychological, and social factors are also at play.