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How far do you agree that medieval people had no understanding of how to protect themselves against disease between 1250 and 1500? Give reasons for your answer. - OCR Gateway - GCSE History - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 5
How far do you agree that medieval people had no understanding of how to protect themselves against disease between 1250 and 1500? Give reasons for your answer.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How far do you agree that medieval people had no understanding of how to protect themselves against disease between 1250 and 1500? Give reasons for your answer. - OCR Gateway - GCSE History - Question 5 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Balanced Argument: Understanding and Misunderstanding
Answer
Medieval people had a mixed understanding of disease prevention. While it is true that they lacked the scientific knowledge we have today, they employed various strategies based on the knowledge of the time. For instance, they believed in the miasma theory, which posited that diseases were caused by 'bad air.' This led to practices such as improving sanitation in homes by removing waste.
Step 2
Supporting Example: Herbal Remedies
Answer
Furthermore, medieval people utilized herbal remedies and sought to balance bodily humors, as influenced by Galenic medicine. For example, they used herbs like sage and garlic, which they believed could ward off illness. This indicates a level of understanding regarding the use of natural substances in disease prevention.
Step 3
Criticism of Lack of Understanding: Germ Theory Absence
Answer
However, it is critical to note that the absence of germ theory until the 19th century severely limited their knowledge. They did not realize the true causes of diseases, leading to inefficient methods of prevention. Many thought diseases were divine punishment or mere happenstance, limiting effective responses to outbreaks.
Step 4
Lifestyle and Employment Changes
Answer
Additionally, from the late 14th century into the 1500s, lifestyle changes influenced by the plague outbreaks did improve awareness. People began to isolate the sick and maintain better hygiene, which, while rudimentary, showed a shift towards understanding that personal behavior could affect health.
Step 5
Conclusion: Acknowledging Complexity
Answer
In conclusion, while medieval people had significant misconceptions about disease, they also demonstrated an evolving awareness through practices based on observation and experience. The understanding of disease was limited, but not entirely absent, reflecting a complex relationship with health and disease during this period.