6.1.1 Name an impurity that could be present in the water, which will make this irrigation method inefficient - NSC Agricultural Technology - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 1

A possible solution to overcome this problem is to use a sand filter or a decalcifier to remove impurities from the water before it reaches the irrigation system.

1. Using more effective pump systems or booster pumps to increase the pressure.
2. Utilizing gravity to assist in water flow from a higher source.

High water pressure is crucial in a centre-pivot irrigation system as it ensures even distribution of water over the area. Without adequate pressure, the sprayers may not reach the desired range, resulting in uneven watering of plants.

An example of the use of solar energy in an irrigation system is the implementation of solar-driven water pumps that draw water from a borehole or surface water to irrigate crops.

If two sprayers deliver a total of 100 litres per minute, then one sprayer will deliver half, which is:

$\text{Water delivered by one sprayer} = \frac{100 \text{ litres/minute}}{2} = 50 \text{ litres/minute}$

In 5 minutes, this amounts to:

$50 \text{ litres/minute} \times 5 \text{ minutes} = 250 \text{ litres}$

If one sprayer delivers 250 litres in 5 minutes over 5 m², the amount of water received by 1 m² is:

$\text{Water per m²} = \frac{250 \text{ litres}}{5 \text{ m²}} = 50 \text{ litres/m²}$

1. To ensure the correct calibration of the sprayers to match the water delivery rate needed for optimal crop growth.
2. For effective scheduling of irrigation to prevent water wastage and ensure crops receive adequate moisture.

1. The feel method, where soil moisture is estimated by touch.
2. Using a tensiometer or neutron probe for more accurate readings.

1. The outlet must be lower to prevent blockages caused by grease and oil that may accumulate if both openings are at the same level.
2. This design allows for easier drainage of liquefied waste and maintains a proper flow.

Water from the kitchen sink often contains grease, oil, and detergents, which can disrupt the bacterial processes in the septic tank, leading to ineffective waste treatment.

1. French drain.
2. Channel drain.

The solid waste particles that settle at the bottom of the septic tank are broken down by bacterial action, forming what is known as sludge.

1. The septic tank should be set at a suitable distance from the house to avoid contamination of drinking water sources.
2. It should not be placed near areas with regular foot traffic, like wash areas.

The whole-house water purification system uses three paper elements to filter the incoming water, ensuring removal of impurities. Additionally, it incorporates reverse osmosis technology, which allows for extensive purification and removal of contaminants.

1. Brass.
2. Plastic.