6.1 Name THREE problems associated with irrigation in South Africa - NSC Agricultural Technology - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 1

A centre-pivot irrigation system is composed of several segments of pipes, typically made from galvanized steel or aluminum. These pipes are joined together and supported by trusses. The system is mounted on wheeled towers, allowing it to pivot around a central point. Sprinklers are evenly positioned along the pipes to distribute water uniformly across the field.

The smart controller functions as an automated system that adjusts the watering time based on real-time environmental conditions. It optimizes water usage to enhance efficiency and ensure that crops receive adequate hydration.

1. Soil moisture sensors that provide data on the water content in the soil.
2. Weather stations that supply historical and real-time weather information.

1. The centre-pivot system cannot be used efficiently on uneven terrain, leading to unequal water distribution.
2. Water delivery at the edge of the field can become problematic, where excess water collects and runs off rather than being absorbed.

The placement of drop pipes a few centimetres above the crop helps to limit evaporation, as the sprinkler heads distribute water more efficiently.

A home fire suppression sprayer system typically consists of sprinkler heads attached to the ceiling. These heads contain a heat-sensitive bulb that ruptures when exposed to high temperatures, allowing water to flow and extinguish the fire. The system is designed to protect specific areas and is connected to a pressurized water source.

The micro-organism responsible for breaking down raw sewage in a septic tank is bacteria.

The inlet pipe of a septic tank ends in a T-fitting or baffle to prevent the effluent from flowing straight across, allowing solids to settle and drop into the tank, improving the separation of solids and liquids.

1. Regular pumping of the septic tank is essential to remove accumulated solids and prevent overflow.
2. Limiting the amount of water entering the system daily helps to manage the wastewater efficiently.
3. Avoiding the disposal of garbage disposal waste into the system prevents blockage and ensures proper functioning.

A French drain is constructed by digging a trench around the perimeter of a property and filling it with fine gravel. This allows water to flow away from the building's foundation, helping to prevent water accumulation.

The water purification system employs multiple cartridges to filter the incoming water. It includes:

1. A primary filter that removes larger particles.
2. A second filter featuring very fine filament filters measuring 0.2 microns.
3. A carbon filter that eliminates odors and improves taste.

To calculate the time, we use the formula:

Time = Capacity of the tank / Flow rate

Thus,

Time = 10,000 L / 50 L/min = 200 min. This is equivalent to 3 hours and 20 minutes.

Data integration through GIS on a combine harvester involves the collection of yield data gathered by yield monitors during harvesting. The data is recorded at regular intervals and utilizes GPS inputs to identify different areas of the field, allowing farmers to analyze yield variations and make informed decisions regarding crop management.