3.1. Name any one of the following types of traps: P-trap, S-trap, Water traps - NSC Civil Technology Civil Services - Question 3 - 2017 - Paper 1

Anaerobic bacteria in a septic tank play a crucial role in breaking down organic solids. These bacteria thrive in environments devoid of oxygen and decompose the waste materials into simpler substances, ultimately leaving behind sludge. Their primary function is to decompose solids until only sludge remains, ensuring that the tank can process waste effectively.

In the sketch of a septic tank, the tank should be rectangular with labeled parts:

• Inlet: where waste enters.
• Liquid Level: the level of wastewater inside the tank.
• Settling Chamber/Chamber 1: where solids settle to the bottom.
• Discharge Chamber/Chamber 2: allows partially treated effluent to flow to the outlet.
• Outlet: where the effluent exits.
• Concrete Base: the foundation of the tank.
• Cover/Manhole: access point for maintenance.

Storm water is defined as rain, hail, or snow that falls on the earth in large quantities in a short period. It is the runoff that occurs after precipitation.

1. It is illegal and can cause pollution.
2. It poses health risks by contaminating water sources and creating hazardous environments.

The safety valve acts as a protective measure in a cylinder. When excess pressure builds up, the valve automatically opens to release the pressure, preventing potential explosions or ruptures.

If the thermostat does not turn off, the water could overheat, causing safety issues, such as the risk of burns to users and potential damage to the water system.

A high-pressure geyser relies on incoming water pressure. If the incoming pressure is low, it may not function correctly, resulting in inadequate heating and low output.

Black backgrounds absorb heat better because they do not reflect light; instead, they absorb most of the light energy, converting it into heat.

For sketches 3.10.1 and 3.10.2, adequate labeling of components is crucial. Ensure to include all relevant features in your diagrams, as long as they follow standard representations.

Elbow fittings are used at the end of a pipe where there is a change in direction of water flow. They allow the piping system to navigate around corners or obstructions efficiently.

Without a pressure-reducing valve, water pressure may become too high downstream, potentially leading to pipe bursts, leaks, or damage to fixtures and appliances.