6.1 Describe the process of joining a capillary elbow to a copper pipe with solder - NSC Civil Technology Civil Services - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 1

1. Fixing Brackets: Spring toggle fixers are commonly used for fixing brackets, timber, and small frames against drywall or plasterboard.

2. Hanging Objects: They are also suitable for hanging objects such as lights and chandeliers from ceilings where a secure attachment is required.

1. Strength: Cast-iron pipes exhibit superior strength compared to other materials, making them capable of withstanding high pressure and heavy loads, which is essential for sewage and drainage systems.

2. Corrosion Resistance: Although susceptible to corrosion, modern cast-iron pipes often have protective coatings that enhance their durability against rust and environmental elements.

The type of test being conducted in FIGURE 6.4 is a leak test.

Device A is a manometer.

Part B is a drain stopper or stopper.

1. Sealing: Ensure that all the openings of the pipe system are tightly sealed with stoppers so that no air or water can escape.

2. Pressurizing: Connect the manometer to the pipe and pressurize the system using compressed air until the required pressure is indicated on the manometer.

3. Monitoring: Observe the pressure gauge for any drops in pressure, which would indicate a potential leak in the system.

If the reading on the manometer starts to drop, it indicates that there is a leak in the system. This could mean that air is escaping from a weak or damaged joint, or water is leaking from any weak spots in the piping, necessitating further inspection and repairs.

One reason for constructing a manhole ramp is to facilitate access to the manhole for maintenance and inspection tasks, especially when the ground slopes towards the connection point.

1. Managing Different Drain Levels: The ramp acts as an intermediary to join two different drainage levels, ensuring efficient flow and access.

2. Pressure Relief: During blockages, the ramp allows pressurized waste to be directed away, minimizing the risk of backflow and potential flooding in the manhole.

A P-trap is shaped like the letter 'P' with its outlet directed horizontally, while the S-trap resembles an 'S' shape with a vertical outlet. These traps are designed to hold a certain amount of water to create a seal against sewer gases, though the water levels in the P-trap are generally higher than those in the S-trap.

The abbreviation of component A is RE.

To correct the connection at point B, it is necessary to adjust the angle of the connection to ensure proper flow into the sewer line. This can be done by connecting a 45° or 135° bend to align the pipes correctly.

Component C is a vent pipe or ventilation pipe.

The component that must be installed at D to receive water from the manhole is a municipal connection.

The prescribed angle for the pipe at E is either 45° or 135°.

The fault at F indicates that the branch pipe runs through or into the wall, which may cause blockages or leaks if not properly managed.

In constructing the vacuum tank, ensure that it features a waterproof component plaster over the top, along with proper liquid level indicators. The draw-off valve should be clearly labeled for operation and maintenance purposes.