4.1 Below are photographs of fasteners that are used on building sites - NSC Civil Technology Civil Services - Question 4 - 2017 - Paper 1

Steel Cut Nail/Masonry Nail Use: Mainly used to fix skirting and cleats to brickwork.

Sleeve Anchor/Rawlbolt Use: Used for fixing objects into concrete and brickwork.

Wire Nails/Clamp/Hurricane Clamps: Suitable for joining purlins to rafters.

1. Quicker to Drive In: Nails are faster to install compared to screws.
2. Less Skill Required: Using nails requires less skill than using screws.

Copper Pipe/PVC Pipe: Common pipes that can be joined using compression joints.

To find the inside area of the room, we subtract the thickness of the walls from the outside dimensions:

• Long walls: $7 000 ext{ mm} - 2 imes 220 ext{ mm} = 6 560 ext{ mm}$
• Short walls: $4 000 ext{ mm} - 2 imes 220 ext{ mm} = 3 560 ext{ mm}$

Thus, the inside area:
$6 560 ext{ mm} imes 3 560 ext{ mm} = 23 373 600 ext{ mm}^2 = 23.37 ext{ m}^2$

The area of one ceiling board is calculated as follows:

$4 200 ext{ mm} imes 1 200 ext{ mm} = 5 040 000 ext{ mm}^2 = 5.04 ext{ m}^2$

To calculate the length of the skirting:

• Total length: $(6 560 + 3 560 + 3 560 + 3 560) ext{ mm} - 3 000 ext{ mm} = 20 240 ext{ mm} - 3 000 ext{ mm} = 17 240 ext{ mm}$

Thus, the length in metres is:

$17 240 ext{ mm} = 17.24 ext{ m}$