2.1 Explain the following terms: 2.1.1 Pay as you earn (PAYE) 2.1.2 Phishing 2.2 Name TWO levies paid by motorists when they fill up their vehicles with petrol or diesel - NSC Consumer Studies - Question 2 - 2022 - Paper 1

Phishing is an online fraud technique where scammers impersonate legitimate organizations via email or fake websites to deceive individuals into revealing sensitive information such as personal or financial details. These emails often appear authentic, luring the recipient to provide confidential data under the guise of security updates or account verifications.

1. Fuel levy
2. Road Accident Fund levy

1. Agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers.
2. Industrial waste being discharged into rivers and lakes.
3. Oil spills from ships or leaking pipelines.
4. Dumping of solid waste in water bodies.

1. Use a kettle for boiling water, which is more energy-efficient compared to a stove.
2. Cover pots with lids to retain heat while cooking.
3. Insulate hot water pipes to reduce heat loss.
4. Consider using a microwave oven for reheating rather than a conventional oven.

Direct taxes are those that are paid directly to the government, such as income tax on earnings. Indirect taxes, on the other hand, are included in the price of goods and services, such as value-added tax (VAT) or sales tax, which consumers pay as part of their purchases.

A two-year guarantee provides consumers with assurance that the product will meet quality standards and remain functional for that duration. It promises the manufacturer will repair or replace faulty items, thus enhancing customer satisfaction. This assurance reduces the risk involved in purchasing, as consumers can be confident in the durability and reliability of the product.

Municipalities must ensure the availability of clean water and adequate sanitation facilities in households. They are responsible for implementing health guidelines and ensuring public adherence to social distancing measures. Additionally, municipalities need to facilitate information dissemination about Covid-19 prevention and control methods to the community.

The advertisement constitutes a contract as it presents an offer where the service provider provides a data package for a specified price. When a consumer agrees to this offer, they are entering into a contractual agreement, binding both parties to adhere to the stated terms, including the provision of service in exchange for the payment.

1. The agreement involves a fair exchange of value between the consumer and service provider.
2. Both parties are of legal age, thereby having the capacity to enter into a contract.
3. The contract does not involve any illegal activities or terms.