3.1 Answer the following questions on dysentery - NSC Consumer Studies - Question 3 - 2016 - Paper 1

The primary treatment for dysentery involves:

1. Hydration: Staying hydrated is critical. Oral rehydration solutions containing electrolytes and fluids help to restore lost body fluids.
2. Medications: Depending on the causative agent, antibiotics may be prescribed for bacterial dysentery, especially if caused by Shigella, while amebic dysentery may require different medications.
3. Dietary adjustments: Maintaining a bland diet to reduce gastrointestinal distress is recommended during recovery.

1. Excessive salt intake: High sodium consumption can lead to hypertension by causing the body to retain water.
2. High saturated fat intake: Diets high in saturated fat can increase cholesterol levels, contributing to high blood pressure.
3. Low fruit and vegetable intake: Not consuming enough fruits and vegetables limits the intake of essential nutrients such as potassium and magnesium, which are vital for maintaining healthy blood pressure.

Regular blood pressure testing is crucial because high blood pressure often presents no symptoms, making it a 'silent killer.' By monitoring their blood pressure, individuals can identify any significant changes that might require lifestyle adjustments or medical intervention. Early detection of high blood pressure can prevent serious health issues, such as heart attacks or strokes, by allowing management strategies to be implemented sooner. Furthermore, those who are aware of their blood pressure status are more likely to adopt healthier habits, such as dietary changes and regular exercise, thus promoting overall cardiovascular health.

Ed's mother's concern likely pertains to anorexia or a similar eating disorder characterized by restrictive eating and excessive exercise. Anorexia nervosa involves a distorted body image where the individual perceives themselves as overweight despite being underweight. This disorder can lead to severe physical and psychological issues, including malnutrition, cardiovascular problems, and anxiety. The worry about Ed not eating properly at university is common among parents, but it is crucial to distinguish between normal dietary adjustments in a university setting and disordered eating behaviors that require intervention.

1. Skin rashes: Exposure to tartrazine can lead to dermatological reactions such as hives or eczema.
2. Swelling: Allergic reactions may cause swelling, particularly in areas like the face, lips, or throat, leading to discomfort.
3. Respiratory issues: Some individuals may experience breathing difficulties, such as asthma attacks or shortness of breath after consuming products containing tartrazine.

Allergens are proteins or substances that can cause an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals. When these substances are ingested, inhaled, or come into contact with the skin, they can trigger the immune system to respond inappropriately, resulting in symptoms ranging from mild irritation to severe anaphylactic reactions.

The fish cakes contain wheat flour in the crumbs, which is a significant source of gluten. For individuals with gluten intolerance, consuming foods with gluten can lead to adverse reactions, such as gastrointestinal distress, inflammation, and other symptoms associated with celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Therefore, those with gluten intolerance must avoid products containing gluten to prevent these health risks.

Irradiation of ingredients is performed to eliminate harmful bacteria that may cause foodborne illnesses, prolong shelf life, and reduce spoilage. In particular, herbs and spices may be irradiated to decrease their microbial load, ensuring they are safe for consumption and maintaining food quality. This process helps to protect the consumer and enhance the safety of the food products.

The crème fraîche contains potassium sorbate as a preservative. Potassium sorbate helps to inhibit the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria, hence prolonging the shelf life of the product. It acts by preventing spoilage and maintaining the integrity of the crème fraîche by slowing down the deterioration process.

Baking the fish cakes is beneficial for an obese person primarily because it requires no additional oil or fat, significantly reducing the overall calorie content of the meal. This cooking method minimizes the energy-dense nature of fried foods, aiding in weight management. Furthermore, baking allows for the retention of nutrients without adding excess calories, making it a healthier choice that can help with weight loss and overall dietary balance.

The fish cakes can be suitable for managing coronary heart disease due to their low saturated fat content, which is critical in maintaining heart health. With 2.5 g of saturated fat per serving, they contribute to lower cholesterol levels when consumed as part of a balanced diet. Additionally, being high in omega-3 fatty acids, these fish cakes aid in lowering blood fat levels and reducing inflammation, crucial in heart disease management. However, one must consider overall dietary intake and lifestyle changes to effectively manage heart health.