3.1 Describe the term organic food - NSC Consumer Studies - Question 3 - 2017 - Paper 1

Emulsifiers are substances that help mix ingredients that normally do not combine well, such as oil and water. They stabilize emulsions, prevent separation, and improve texture, thereby ensuring a consistent product in food preparations.

Antioxidants play a crucial role in food preservation by preventing oxidation. They help extend the shelf life of food by inhibiting the rancidity of fats and slowing down the process of spoilage associated with exposure to air.

Irradiation is a process that exposes food to ionizing radiation, which significantly reduces the number of pathogens and spoilage organisms. This method deactivates harmful microorganisms, delays sprouting, and prevents the ripening of fruits and vegetables, thus extending shelf life.

Home-grown or community food gardens significantly enhance food security by providing individuals and families with direct access to fresh and nutritious produce at lower costs. These gardens enable people to supplement their food supply and empower them to grow their own food, reducing dependence on external food sources. Moreover, they can foster community connections, encourage sustainable practices, and provide educational opportunities regarding nutrition and gardening.

For individuals living with HIV/Aids, access to fresh produce from home-grown or community gardens can be vital for improving their overall health. Such produce is often rich in essential vitamins and minerals that bolster the immune system, vital for fighting infections. Nutrient-dense foods like vegetables and fruits can help combat the effects of malnutrition which is common in these patients, and contribute to their overall wellbeing.

The spread of TB in South Africa can be attributed to several factors including prolonged incubation periods, poor living conditions, and lack of access to proper healthcare. High unemployment rates lead to crowded living environments, hampering proper treatment that requires isolation. Additionally, incomplete treatment and medication adherence further complicate efforts, leading to drug resistance.

Introducing a sugar tax on sweetened beverages can deter consumption, as it directly affects affordability and encourages individuals to opt for healthier alternatives. By reducing the intake of high-GI beverages, it helps in controlling blood sugar levels and can lead to better management of Type 2 diabetes.

The salad may not be suitable for someone suffering from anemia due to its low iron content, as the primary ingredients such as beans and corn are not rich sources of heme iron. Additionally, the presence of phytates in certain beans can inhibit iron absorption, making it less beneficial for individuals needing to improve their iron levels.

The Summer Bean Salad has several suitable attributes for someone with coronary heart disease, including a high fiber content, which aids in reducing cholesterol levels. However, its sodium content may be a concern, as elevated sodium intake is linked to hypertension. The salad is low in saturated fat which is beneficial, but the overall balance in nutrient content must be managed to ensure it aligns with dietary recommendations for heart health.