3.1 Answer the following questions on dysentery - NSC Consumer Studies - Question 3 - 2016 - Paper 1

Dysentery can be treated by ensuring adequate hydration, as it is crucial to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) may be utilized for mild cases, while severe cases might require intravenous fluids. Additionally, antibiotics may be prescribed to treat dysentery caused by bacterial infections, specifically those involving Shigella or amebic infections.

1. Excessive Salt Intake: High sodium consumption can lead to increased fluid retention and elevated blood pressure.
2. High Caloric Diet: Consuming excessive calories, especially from unhealthy fats, contributes to obesity, which can elevate blood pressure.
3. Low Fruit and Vegetable Intake: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may lack essential nutrients that help regulate blood pressure.

Regular testing of blood pressure is crucial as many individuals with high blood pressure may not exhibit noticeable symptoms. By routinely monitoring blood pressure, one can detect hypertension early, allowing for timely interventions that could prevent serious health consequences such as heart attacks or strokes. Furthermore, understanding one’s blood pressure levels helps in making lifestyle adjustments or seeking medical advice proactively.

Ed's mother is concerned about anorexia nervosa, a serious eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation and an intense fear of gaining weight. This condition leads individuals to perceive themselves as overweight, despite being significantly underweight. In Ed's case, his restrictive eating habits and excessive exercise are contributing to his extreme thinness, raising concern for his health and nutritional status, typically requiring professional intervention.

1. Asthma: Some individuals may experience asthma attacks following the intake of tartrazine.
2. Skin Rashes: Allergic reactions can manifest as skin irritations or hives.
3. Itching and Running Nose: Common allergic responses that might occur after ingestion of products containing tartrazine.

Allergens are typically proteins or substances that trigger an inappropriate immune response in sensitive individuals, leading to allergic reactions. They are often found in food, medications, and environmental sources.

The fish cakes are unsuitable for individuals with gluten intolerance due to the presence of wheat flour in the crumbs, which is a source of gluten. Consumption of gluten can trigger gastrointestinal distress and other symptoms in individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity.

Irradiation of ingredients is often employed to eliminate harmful bacteria and pathogens that could lead to foodborne illnesses. It also helps in extending the shelf life of food products by inhibiting spoilage organisms. The process reduces the risk of contamination, ensuring consumer safety.

The preservative used in the crème fraîche is potassium sorbate, which helps prevent spoilage by inhibiting microbial growth.

Baking the fish cakes is beneficial for an obese individual as it requires less added fat compared to frying. This method reduces the total energy (calorie) content of the dish, which can assist in weight management. Lower fat content in meals can contribute to decreased caloric intake, supporting efforts for healthier eating and weight loss.

The fish cakes can be considered suitable for individuals managing coronary heart disease due to their low saturated fat content, which is beneficial in reducing LDL cholesterol levels. Additionally, the presence of omega-3 fatty acids may help lower inflammation and the risk of heart disease. However, individuals should monitor portion sizes and total sodium intake since excessive sodium can be detrimental to heart health.