5.1 State TWO applications of microcontrollers in commercial devices - NSC Electrical Technology Digital - Question 5 - 2020 - Paper 1
Question 5
5.1 State TWO applications of microcontrollers in commercial devices.
5.2 Refer to FIGURE 5.2 below and answer the questions that follow.
5.2.1 Identify A and B.... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:5.1 State TWO applications of microcontrollers in commercial devices - NSC Electrical Technology Digital - Question 5 - 2020 - Paper 1
Step 1
State TWO applications of microcontrollers in commercial devices.
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Answer
Lighting: Microcontrollers are widely used in lighting systems for advertising and illumination, allowing for programmable control.
Stock Control: Another application is in stock monitoring systems, where microcontrollers help manage inventory efficiently.
Step 2
5.2.1 Identify A and B.
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A = ROM
B = RAM
Step 3
5.2.2 Describe the function of the CPU.
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The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is responsible for executing instructions stored in the ROM, performing calculations, and managing data flow between devices and memory.
Step 4
5.2.3 Describe the function of the input/output unit (I/O).
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The input/output unit allows the microcontroller to interact with external devices. It converts data from analog to digital format (and vice versa) and enables communication between the CPU and peripherals.
Step 5
List THREE advantages of microcontrollers over traditional discrete electronic components.
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Compact Size: Microcontrollers integrate multiple functions into a single device, reducing size.
Cost-Effective: They are often cheaper than assembling multiple discrete components.
Flexibility: Microcontrollers can be programmed for various tasks, making them more versatile.
Step 6
5.4.1 Describe the CPU register.
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A CPU register is a small amount of storage available directly within the CPU for quick data processing. Registers hold temporary data such as instruction codes, memory addresses, and intermediate results.
Step 7
5.4.2 List THREE special purpose registers.
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Program Counter (PC)
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Current Instruction Register (CIR)
Step 8
5.5.1 Explain the function of the A/D converter.
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The A/D converter transforms an analog signal into a digital signal that the CPU can interpret, facilitating the interaction between the microcontroller and real-world signals.
Step 9
5.5.2 Explain why an A/D converter is used with microcontrollers.
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An A/D converter is essential for microcontrollers to process analog signals as digital data. This allows microcontrollers to interface with sensors that output continuous signals.
Step 10
5.6.1 Label A.
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A = Data bus
Step 11
5.6.2 Explain the function of the control bus.
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The control bus is used by the CPU to send control signals to other components, coordinating their operations and ensuring that data is transferred correctly.
Step 12
5.6.3 Explain the function of the address bus.
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The address bus carries the addresses of memory locations, directing where data should be read from or written to within the memory and I/O devices.
Step 13
5.7.1 State the characteristics of the serial peripheral interface (SPI).
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SPI is a synchronous serial communication interface that allows full duplex data transfer. It operates using a master-slave configuration.
Step 14
5.7.2 State the function of the serial peripheral interface (SPI).
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The function of SPI is to facilitate high-speed communication between microcontrollers and peripheral devices, enabling effective data exchange.
Step 15
5.7.3 State TWO applications of the serial peripheral interface (SPI).
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Digital Signal Processors
Shift Registers
Step 16
5.8.1 State the typical operating voltages for logic '1' and logic '0'.
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Logic '1' is typically +200mV or more, while logic '0' is -200mV or less.
Step 17
5.8.2 List THREE devices that can be used with the RS-485 interface.
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Point of Sale Terminals
Metering Instruments
CNC Machines
Step 18
5.9.1 Label A, B and C.
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A = Sender/Transmitter
B = Direction of data flow
C = Receiver
Step 19
5.9.2 Describe how data is transferred through the device.
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Data is transferred as a stream of bytes where the sender transmits bits that are counted and reconstructed by the receiver. Both the sender and receiver must be synchronized to ensure accurate data transmission.
Step 20
Design a flow chart for a monostable device which has only ONE stable state.
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Start
Check if the switch is pressed.
If yes, turn on the output and wait for 5 seconds.
After 5 seconds, turn off the output and return to the original state.
