FIGURE 4.1 below shows two identical signals on the input terminals of an op amp - NSC Electrical Technology Digital - Question 4 - 2023 - Paper 1

Infinite bandwidth refers to the capability of the operational amplifier to operate across all frequencies without any limits, maintaining the same level of amplification or gain.

The voltage gain (A_V) of the non-inverting op amp can be calculated using the formula:

$A_V = 1 + \frac{R_F}{R_N}$

Where R_F = 47 kΩ and R_N = 10 kΩ.

Thus,

$A_V = 1 + \frac{47 \times 10^3}{10 \times 10^3} = 5.7$

Using the voltage gain calculated:

$V_{OUT} = A_V \times V_{IN}$

Substituting the values:

$V_{OUT} = 5.7 \times 100 \times 10^{-3} = 0.57 V$

In FIGURE 4.3, Pin A is labeled as 'Control voltage' and Pin B as 'Trigger'.

Pin 7, the discharge pin, provides a discharge path for the timing capacitor in the 555 timer circuit, which allows the capacitor to discharge during timing intervals.

Comparator 1 compares the threshold voltage on pin 6 with 2/3 of the supply voltage, providing a relevant output that influences the RS flip-flop in the 555 timer.

The 555 IC can be used to:

1. Generate pulses, oscillations, and waveforms for various applications.
2. Function in timing applications such as timers and delay circuits.