3.1 Name FOUR characteristics of an ideal operational amplifier - NSC Electrical Technology Digital - Question 3 - 2021 - Paper 1

The voltage gain ($A_v$) for a non-inverting amplifier is calculated using the formula:

$A_v = 1 + \frac{R_F}{R_{in}}$

Substituting the values:

$A_v = 1 + \frac{50000}{10000} = 1 + 5 = 6$

The output voltage ($V_{out}$) can be calculated with the formula:

$V_{out} = V_{in} \times A_v$

Substituting the values:

$V_{out} = 1.5 \times 6 = 9 V$

Decreasing the feedback resistor ($R_F$) in a non-inverting amplifier will lead to a decrease in the voltage gain. As the gain reduces, the output voltage will also decrease correspondingly, which can impact the amplification of the input signal.

Pin 2 on the 555 timer IC is known as the Trigger Input. This pin is used to initiate the timer operation.

Pin 6, known as the Threshold Input, monitors the voltage across the timing capacitor. Once this voltage exceeds 2/3 of the supply voltage, the output toggles to low.

The 555 timer can operate with power supply voltages typically between +5 V and +18 V.

In astable mode, the 555 timer operates as a free-running multivibrator. It continuously toggles between high and low states, generating a square wave output, which can be used in applications such as clocks and pulse-width modulation.