6.1 Explain the term embedded memory in microcontrollers - NSC Electrical Technology Electronics - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 1
Question 6
6.1 Explain the term embedded memory in microcontrollers.
6.2 Refer to the block diagram in FIGURE 6.2 below and answer the questions that follow.
6.2.1 Label A, ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:6.1 Explain the term embedded memory in microcontrollers - NSC Electrical Technology Electronics - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 1
Step 1
Explain the term embedded memory in microcontrollers.
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Answer
Embedded memory in microcontrollers refers to the built-in storage that allows the device to retain and manipulate data during operation. This memory is integral to the microcontroller's function, supporting code execution and data processing without the need for external memory solutions.
Step 2
Refer to the block diagram in FIGURE 6.2 below and answer the questions that follow.
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Answer
The block diagram illustrates various components in a microcontroller system, such as the CPU, RAM, and buses for data and control.
Step 3
Label A, B and C.
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A: Accumulator (ACC)
B: Memory Data Register (MDR)
C: Control Unit (CU)
Step 4
State the function of the memory address register (MAR).
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The Memory Address Register (MAR) holds the address of the memory location from which data will be read or to which data will be written.
Step 5
State the function of the data bus.
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The data bus is responsible for transferring data between the CPU, memory, and other peripherals within the microcontroller.
Step 6
Explain the function of the random access memory (RAM).
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Random Access Memory (RAM) is utilized for temporary data storage, allowing for fast read and write access. It is used to hold the operating data and instructions required for immediate processing.
Step 7
State why the RAM is said to be a volatile memory.
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RAM is termed volatile because it loses its stored data when power is removed, unlike non-volatile memory which retains information without power.
Step 8
Explain why an A/D converter is used with microcontrollers.
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An A/D converter (Analog to Digital Converter) is used to convert analog signals from the environment into digital data that the microcontroller can process.
Step 9
Define communication protocol.
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A communication protocol is a set of rules and conventions that define how data is transmitted and received over a network, ensuring interoperability between devices.
Step 10
State TWO types of communication protocols.
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SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface)
I²C (Inter-Integrated Circuit)
Step 11
Refer to FIGURE 6.6 below of an UART and answer the questions that follow.
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Answer
The figure shows the UART block with sections for parallel and serial data communication.
Step 12
Label A and B.
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A: Parallel Data
B: Serial Data
Step 13
State how data is arranged in the UART protocol data flow.
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In UART protocol, data is arranged in a series of bits sent sequentially. The data is synchronized with start and stop bits to indicate the beginning and end of the transmission.
Step 14
State TWO advantages of the UART.
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Simplicity of implementation due to minimal hardware requirements.
Asynchronous communication allows for easy data transfer without a clock signal.
Step 15
Complete TABLE 6.7 on the ANSWER SHEET for QUESTION 6.7 by comparing the characteristics of an RS-232 with that of an RS-485 communication protocol.
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RS-232 is a single-ended communication method suitable for short distances, whereas RS-485 uses differential signaling to allow for longer distances and multiple device connections.
Step 16
Explain the difference between an algorithm and a flowchart.
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An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, while a flowchart is a visual representation of the algorithm using symbols and arrows to depict the flow of control.
Step 17
State THREE important steps that can be followed to create a flow chart.
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Identify the process or problem to be solved.
Break the process down into key steps and decisions.
Use standardized symbols to represent actions and decisions in the flowchart.
Step 18
Briefly explain why an I²C system requires the inclusion of pull-up resistors.
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Pull-up resistors are used in I²C systems to ensure that the SDA and SCL lines are held high when not driven low by devices, maintaining reliable logic levels and ensuring valid communication.
