SONNET 130 – William Shakespeare My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun, Coral is far more red than her lips’ red - NSC English HL - Question 1 - 2023 - Paper 2

In William Shakespeare's Sonnet 130, the speaker critiques traditional love poetry by employing imagery, tone, and structure that subverts romantic ideals.

Traditional Love Poetry vs. Shakespeare’s Approach

Traditional love poetry often uses idealized comparisons to portray women’s beauty. Shakespeare starkly contrasts this by asserting that his mistress is 'nothing like the sun.' This rejection of exaggerated beauty marks the start of a candid representation, suggesting that authentic love does not rely on superficial comparisons.

Imagery and Authenticity

Throughout the poem, the imagery emphasizes the speaker's honest perspective. For instance, the comparison of his mistress's lips to coral is quickly followed by, 'If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun?' Here, the use of vivid but unflattering imagery challenges the unrealistic standards set by poets before him. The choice to depict her skin as 'dun' rather than exquisite further enriches the unique representation that emphasizes her humanity over her physical appearance.

Tone and Mockery of Clichés

The tone of the poem carries a sense of mockery towards conventional poetic devices. By employing a blunt, matter-of-fact tone, Shakespeare manages to make the poem relatable. This approach highlights the ridiculousness of conventional beauty standards, as in, 'And in some perfumes is there more delight / Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.' Such a line illustrates the speaker's affection yet refusal to idolize his lover without recognizing her flaws.

Structure and Subversion

The structure of the sonnet—a traditional form—is utilized to further enhance the speaker’s argument. Each quatrain systematically dismantles common poetic tropes, ultimately leading to a resolution in the final couplet. The concluding lines assert, 'And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare / As any she belied with false compare.' This twist affirms that true love transcends societal norms and unrealistic comparisons.

Conclusion

In conclusion, through the effective use of imagery, an irreverent tone, and a structured sonnet form, Shakespeare's Sonnet 130 poignantly critiques the insincerity of traditional love poetry. The poem serves as a celebration of genuine love, affirming that its rarity does not reside in idealized beauty but in a deep understanding and acceptance of one's true self.