3.1 Study FIGURE 3.1 - NSC Geography - Question 3 - 2016 - Paper 1

This movement is termed counter urbanisation, often driven by factors such as seeking a quieter lifestyle or the desire to escape the hustle of city life.

The term urban expansion describes how a city grows outward, taking over surrounding areas as populations increase.

The transition zone is characterized by decline and neglect, often serving as a buffer between the affluent areas and the interior city.

Gentrification describes the process where wealthier individuals renovate older neighborhoods, thereby increasing property values and displacing long-term residents.

A greenbelt is designated land surrounding urban areas, intended to limit uncontrolled expansion and preserve natural spaces.

Urbanisation not only refers to the increase of residents in cities but also the improvement of urban infrastructure and living conditions.

This is referred to as urbanisation rate, which indicates the growth of urban populations over time.

The dispersal is known as decentralisation, where industries relocate to suburban or rural areas.

This initiative is referred to as spatial development initiatives, aimed at enhancing economic activity.

These are classified as bridge industries, serving as intermediaries in the supply chain.

An oil refinery is typically classified as a heavy industry due to its resource-intensive processes.

Such a factory is categorized as a secondary economic activity, transforming raw materials into finished goods.

This is known as the quaternary sector, which focuses on knowledge-based activities.

This type of power station is market-orientated since it produces power primarily for sale.

The evidence indicating that B is a dry-point settlement includes its elevation above surrounding areas which reduces the risk of flooding.

1. Access to social amenities such as schools and healthcare services.
2. A strong sense of community due to closer social interactions among residents.

3.3.3 (a) Identify the settlement shape at C. The shape at C is linear, as the farms are arranged along a road.

3.3.3 (b) Suggest a reason for the elongated (long and narrow) shape of the individual farms in settlement C. The reason is often related to land ownership patterns influenced by historical policies.

3.3.3 (c) Explain why the farms at C are likely to experience soil erosion. Farms at C are likely to face soil erosion due to limited contour ploughing practices that do not mitigate runoff.

Upgrading the road will improve access and connectivity, potentially elevating the village's status to a more significant node within the urban hierarchy, fostering socio-economic growth.

An informal settlement is a community where residents construct homes without legal authorization, typically lacking basic services and infrastructure.

One basic service often lacking is sanitation, which is crucial for health and hygiene.

Illegal connections are common due to the high cost of formal electricity access, forcing residents to resort to unauthorized methods.

The fine is justified as illegal connections pose safety hazards, including fire risks, and violate legal norms.

Inhabitants of informal settlements often engage in activities that harm the environment such as waste dumping and inadequate sanitation. The lack of proper waste disposal leads to pollution of local land and water sources. Additionally, unregulated construction contributes to habitat destruction, significantly impacting local biodiversity. Furthermore, the absence of basic services means that waste often accumulates, exacerbating public health concerns. Overall, the collective impact creates unsustainable living conditions and deteriorates the surrounding environment.

1. Increased competition from alternative energy sources has reduced the reliance on mining.
2. Changing global market conditions have also led to a decrease in demand for certain minerals.

One physical factor is the risk of rock falls, which can be catastrophic in underground mining operations.

1. Rising wage demands due to higher living costs in urban areas.
2. Increased competition for skilled labor among mining companies.

Mining significantly contributes to South Africa's GDP directly through the extraction of minerals that are exported for income. Additionally, it stimulates the economy indirectly by creating jobs in associated industries such as logistics and manufacturing. The sector also generates substantial tax revenues that can fund public services and infrastructure. However, the negative environmental impacts call for sustainable practices in mining. Overall, mining remains a critical component of the country's economic framework, although challenges persist.

The stalls were burned down as part of efforts to enforce regulations regarding illegal trading on public property.

Khayelitsha railway station is well-located because it attracts a high volume of commuters, providing a ready market for traders.

Metrolink perceives informal trading as an additional burden due to issues such as congestion and potential loss of revenue from regulated businesses.

These words indicate a struggle for survival, highlighting the hawker's resilience in the face of economic challenges despite lacking formal opportunities.

1. Providing access to microfinancing to help traders expand their businesses.
2. Offering training programs to improve their business management skills.

Encouraging informal trading can promote economic inclusion and provide livelihood opportunities for marginalized groups. By supporting this sector, the government can unleash potential entrepreneurship that contributes to the economy while ensuring the provision of goods and services without formal barriers.