2.1 Refer to FIGURE 2.1 which indicate pressure cells and match EACH of the descriptions below with one of the pressure cells, A or B. 2.1.1 Pressure cell that gives rise to unstable weather conditions 2.1.2 Air movement is anticyclonic in the Southern Hemisphere 2.1.3 Associated with cold, subsiding air 2.1.4 Surface air converges into this pressure cell 2.1.5 The lowest pressure is found in the centre of the pressure cell 2.1.6 Upper air converges into this pressure cell 2.1.7 Contributes to the dry conditions over the western half of South Africa 2.1.8 Draws moisture over South Africa in summer (8 x 1) (8) 2.2 Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the geomorphological description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–H) next to the question numbers (2.2.1 to 2.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 2.2.9. 2.2.1 Water flowing downslope under the land 2.2.2 Water found below the earth’s surface 2.2.3 The point along the course of a river where two tributaries join 2.2.4 Total length of streams in a drainage basin, divided by the total area (km²) of the same drainage basin 2.2.5 Tributaries that do not have any streams flowing into them 2.2.6 River flow is very smooth so that very little vertical mixing of water occurs 2.2.7 A view of the river that shows the length of the river from source to mouth (7 x 1) (7) 2.3 Study FIGURE 2.3, a media report, with the title 'Is South Africa due for a tropical cyclone?'. 2.3.1 Which coastline of South Africa is affected by tropical cyclones? 2.3.2 What are the 'current conditions' referred to in the extract that will result in a low pressure forming in the central Mozambique Channel? (2 x 1) (1) 2.3.3 Describe TWO reasons why people in certain parts of South Africa have been warned to be careful. (2 x 2) (4) 2.3.4 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines explaining why South Africa does not usually experience the expected full impact of tropical cyclones. (4 x 2) (8) 2.4 FIGURE 2.4 shows a coastal low pressure. 2.4.1 What is a coastal low pressure? (1 x 1) (1) 2.4.2 Describe the path that the coastal low pressure follows. (2 x 1) (2) 2.4.3 Why is the air ahead of the coastal low (B) different than the air behind the coastal low (A)? (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.4 Explain why different types of precipitation are expected along the west and east coast as the coastal low passes by. (2 x 2) (4) 2.4.5 Why are these low pressure systems usually associated with temperatures along the coast in winter? (2 x 2) (4) 2.5 Study FIGURE 2.5, photograph that shows the course of a river. 2.5.1 Which course of the river is represented in FIGURE 2.5? (1 x 1) (1) 2.5.2 Draw a labelled cross-section showing the difference in the shapes of the slopes associated with river banks A and B. (3 x 1) (3) 2.5.3 Answer the following questions with reference to river bank A. (a) Name the slope associated with river bank A. (1 x 1) (1) (b) Explain the steepness of the slope along river bank A. (1 x 2) (2) 2.5.4 Give reasons for the sand deposits along river bank B. (2 x 2) (4) 2.5.5 Explain why a canoeist (someone who rows a small boat) would prefer to row along river bank A than river bank B. (2 x 2) (4) 2.6 FIGURE 2.6 is a case study from the Mail & Guardian, about the human impact on the Vaal Dam. 2.6.1 How much water does the Vaal Dam hold? (1 x 1) (1) 2.6.2 Excluding Gauteng, name TWO other provinces dependent on water from the Vaal Dam, as shown on the map. (2 x 1) (2) 2.6.3 From which neighbouring country does South Africa import fresh water? (1 x 1) (1) 2.6.4 Why has it become necessary to react to the above-mentioned water? (1 x 1) (1) 2.6.5 Briefly explain the consequences of unsafe levels of bacteria, like E. coli, for people that drink the river water. (1 x 2) (2) 2.6.6 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines suggesting suitable strategies that the government should implement (put in place) to solve the pollution of the Vaal Dam. (4 x 2) (8)

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2.1 Refer to FIGURE 2.1 which indicate pressure cells and match EACH of the descriptions below with one of the pressure cells, A or B - NSC Geography - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 1

Question 2

2.1-Refer-to-FIGURE-2.1-which-indicate-pressure-cells-and-match-EACH-of-the-descriptions-below-with-one-of-the-pressure-cells,-A-or-B-NSC Geography-Question 2-2018-Paper 1.png

2.1 Refer to FIGURE 2.1 which indicate pressure cells and match EACH of the descriptions below with one of the pressure cells, A or B. 2.1.1 Pressure cell that give... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:2.1 Refer to FIGURE 2.1 which indicate pressure cells and match EACH of the descriptions below with one of the pressure cells, A or B - NSC Geography - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 1

Step 1

2.1.1 Pressure cell that gives rise to unstable weather conditions

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This is associated with pressure cell A, which is characterized by instability due to rising air masses that can lead to storm development.

Step 2

2.1.2 Air movement is anticyclonic in the Southern Hemisphere

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In the Southern Hemisphere, pressure cell B exhibits anticyclonic air movement, where air moves clockwise around a high-pressure system.

Step 3

2.1.3 Associated with cold, subsiding air

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Pressure cell B is associated with cold, subsiding air, contributing to stable weather conditions.

Step 4

2.1.4 Surface air converges into this pressure cell

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Pressure cell A experiences surface air convergence, leading to cloud formation and the potential for precipitation.

Step 5

2.1.5 The lowest pressure is found in the centre of the pressure cell

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The lowest pressure within a pressure cell is typically located at the center of pressure cell A.

Step 6

2.1.6 Upper air converges into this pressure cell

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Upper air in pressure cell A converges, contributing to rising air and potential storm activity.

Step 7

2.1.7 Contributes to the dry conditions over the western half of South Africa

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Pressure cell B contributes to the dry conditions in the western regions of South Africa due to descending air.

Step 8

2.1.8 Draws moisture over South Africa in summer

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During summer, pressure cell A draws in moisture from surrounding areas, leading to increased rainfall.

Step 9

2.2.1 Water flowing downslope under the land

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This is referred to as F: Surface run-off, indicating water movement from higher to lower elevations.

Step 10

2.2.2 Water found below the earth’s surface

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This describes E: Groundwater, which is present in the subsurface layers of soil and rock.

Step 11

2.2.3 The point along the course of a river where two tributaries join

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This is known as H: Confluence, where two streams or rivers meet.

Step 12

2.2.4 Total length of streams in a drainage basin, divided by the total area (km²) of the same drainage basin

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This is referred to as G: Drainage Density, a measure of the length of streams per unit area.

Step 13

2.2.5 Tributaries that do not have any streams flowing into them

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This refers to D: Laminar flow, characterizing streams that do not receive additional inflow.

Step 14

2.2.6 River flow is very smooth so that very little vertical mixing of water occurs

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This condition describes B: First-order streams, which show minimal turbulence.

Step 15

2.2.7 A view of the river that shows the length of the river from source to mouth

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This is represented by A: Longitudinal profile, illustrating the river in its entirety.

Step 16

2.3.1 Which coastline of South Africa is affected by tropical cyclones?

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The east coast of South Africa is primarily affected by tropical cyclones, particularly during the summer months.

Step 17

2.3.2 What are the 'current conditions' referred to in the extract that will result in a low pressure forming in the central Mozambique Channel?

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The current conditions include high sea surface temperatures of 26.5 °C or more, which leads to evaporation, and instability in the atmosphere.

Step 18

2.3.3 Describe TWO reasons why people in certain parts of South Africa have been warned to be careful.

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Strong winds can occur, leading to property damage and potential injury.
Heavy rainfall may cause flooding, impacting infrastructure and safety.

Step 19

2.3.4 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines explaining why South Africa does not usually experience the expected full impact of tropical cyclones.

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South Africa often escapes the full impact of tropical cyclones due to several factors. Firstly, the prevailing winds deflect storms away from the coast. Additionally, as these storms approach cooler ocean waters, their energy diminishes. Protection from Madagascar also plays a role, as it disrupts the cyclonic flow. Lastly, when the cyclones do impact the region, the frictional drag slows them down, further reducing their intensity.

Step 20

2.4.1 What is a coastal low pressure?

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A coastal low pressure is defined as a weak low pressure system that often appears off the coast, bringing changing weather conditions.

Step 21

2.4.2 Describe the path that the coastal low pressure follows.

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The coastal low pressure system typically moves southwards along the coast, leading to conditions that affect both the west and east coasts.

Step 22

2.4.3 Why is the air ahead of the coastal low (B) different than the air behind the coastal low (A)?

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The air ahead of the coastal low is generally warmer and holds more moisture, whereas the air behind it is cooler and more stable.

Step 23

2.4.4 Explain why different types of precipitation are expected along the west and east coast as the coastal low passes by.

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As the coastal low passes, the east coast experiences warm, moist air resulting in rain, while the west coast may see colder, drier conditions that lead to less precipitation.

Step 24

2.4.5 Why are these low pressure systems usually associated with temperatures along the coast in winter?

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In winter, low pressure systems bring warmer air from the Kalahari Desert, affecting temperature distributions along the coast.

Step 25

2.5.1 Which course of the river is represented in FIGURE 2.5?

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The river course depicted in FIGURE 2.5 represents a mature river, signifying a well-defined channel.

Step 26

2.5.2 Draw a labelled cross-section showing the difference in the shapes of the slopes associated with river banks A and B.

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A labelled cross-section should illustrate the concave shape of river bank A versus the convex shape of river bank B.

Step 27

2.5.3 a) Name the slope associated with river bank A.

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The slope associated with river bank A is known as the undercut or outer bank.

Step 28

2.5.3 b) Explain the steepness of the slope along river bank A.

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The outer bank has a steeper slope due to faster water flow, which erodes the bank more actively.

Step 29

2.5.4 Give reasons for the sand deposits along river bank B.

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The sand deposits occur because river velocity decreases on the inner bank, allowing sediments to settle.

Step 30

2.5.5 Explain why a canoeist (someone who rows a small boat) would prefer to row along river bank A than river bank B.

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A canoeist would prefer river bank A because it offers deeper water and less obstruction, allowing for smoother navigation.

Step 31

2.6.1 How much water does the Vaal Dam hold?

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The Vaal Dam holds approximately one billion cubic meters of water.

Step 32

2.6.2 Excluding Gauteng, name TWO other provinces dependent on water from the Vaal Dam, as shown on the map.

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Two provinces that depend on water from the Vaal Dam are Mpumalanga and Free State.

Step 33

2.6.3 From which neighbouring country does South Africa import fresh water?

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South Africa imports fresh water from Lesotho.

Step 34

2.6.4 Why has it become necessary to react to the above-mentioned water?

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It is necessary to react due to concerns over water scarcity and the need to maintain healthy water quality.

Step 35

2.6.5 Briefly explain the consequences of unsafe levels of bacteria, like E. coli, for people that drink the river water.

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Unsafe levels of bacteria in water can lead to serious health issues, such as gastrointestinal diseases, which pose significant risks to public health.

Step 36

2.6.6 Write a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines suggesting suitable strategies that the government should implement (put in place) to solve the pollution of the Vaal Dam.

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To address pollution in the Vaal Dam, the government should enhance public awareness regarding proper waste disposal and water conservation. Integrating stricter regulations on industrial waste will also be crucial. Additionally, investment in wastewater treatment facilities can greatly improve water quality. Promoting community engagement in monitoring water quality is essential. Finally, conducting regular educational campaigns can empower citizens to contribute to protecting water resources.

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