4.1 Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A - NSC Geography - Question 4 - 2017 - Paper 1

The correct term is B. urban sprawl. This term refers to the peripheral areas of cities characterized by a blend of urban and rural activities, often leading to mixed land use.

The correct term is C. rural-urban fringe. This captures the conflict in land use and urban development struggles within decrepit inner-city regions as they face challenges of aging infrastructure.

The correct term is G. urban expansion. This process represents how urban areas extend into adjacent rural regions, often resulting in a lack of coherent planning.

The correct term is D. urban profile. This describes the layout and organization of different functions and characteristics within an urban area.

The correct term is F. urban hierarchy. This term indicates the classification of settlements based on their size, population, and the range of services they offer.

The correct term is A. urban morphology. This refers to the study of the form, structure, and spatial organization of urban areas, particularly focusing on growth patterns.

The correct answer is D. Quaternary. This sector emphasizes knowledge-based activities, including research and development in various fields.

The correct answer is B. Tertiary. This sector encompasses activities related to the provision of services like transportation, banking, and retail.

The correct answer is C. Export market. This term refers specifically to products designated for international sales.

The correct answer is C. Gross domestic product. This GDP measurement reflects the economic performance and output of a country over a specific timeframe.

The correct answer is A. PWV-Gauteng. This area is recognized for its significant contributions to South Africa's economy.

The correct answer is D. Industrial centralisation. This term indicates the clustering of industries within specific regions, enhancing economic efficiency.

The correct answer is B. Secondary activities. These activities focus on transforming raw materials into finished products, adding value in the process.

The correct answer is C. South-Western Cape. This region has seen significant industrial development linked to its port infrastructure.

Rural-urban migration refers to the process of individuals moving from rural areas to urban centers, often in search of better livelihoods, employment opportunities, and improved living conditions.

Migrants are generally expecting enhanced employment opportunities, better housing conditions, improved access to healthcare, and overall increased living standards in urban environments.

Rural-urban migration may not guarantee a better quality of life for migrants due to challenges such as high living costs, competition for jobs, and inadequate urban services. Many may end up in informal employment, facing exploitation and housing instability, which can result in low wages and poor living conditions.

Rural-urban migration can lead to several adverse effects on cities. The influx of migrants often overstretches urban infrastructure and services, resulting in overcrowding, increased pollution, and traffic congestion. Cities may struggle to provide adequate housing, often leading to the rise of informal settlements. Additionally, the rapid population growth can exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities, creating disparities between long-term residents and newcomers. Essential services, such as healthcare and education, may also become strained, adversely affecting the quality of life for all urban residents.

An urban profile depicts the structural and functional characteristics of a city, illustrating the distribution of residential, commercial, and industrial areas. It often highlights variations in land use, population density, and the socio-economic status of different urban zones.

The Central Business District (CBD) has high building density due to concentrated economic activities, making it a hub for commerce and services. This density is driven by high land values and the need for businesses to be near customers and infrastructure.

The transitional zone is often called the zone of transition because it represents an area of change between urban and suburban developments. This zone typically experiences varying land uses, often mixing residential, commercial, and industrial activities, indicating an ongoing transformation in land use dynamics.

One significant problem in the CBD is overcrowding, which can lead to congestion and a decline in the quality of services offered. Another issue is increased crime rates, making the area less attractive for businesses and consumers, thus prompting a migration of commercial entities to safer, more spacious locations outside the CBD.

The exodus of functions from the CBD has resulted in significant economic decline in these areas. Many businesses have relocated, leading to vacant properties and a drop in rental income. This decline can cause reduced foot traffic, making the area less vibrant and impacting local economies negatively. The loss of commercial activity can also lead to increased unemployment, worsening the socio-economic conditions for remaining residents and potentially driving further decline.

The article states that South Africa's mining industry is 'in trouble' as it struggles to recover from 23,000 job losses since April and falling commodity prices from key markets like China.

Mining contributes 7% to the gross domestic product of South Africa, highlighting its significance within the overall economy.

According to the article, the government believes that primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors should be developed to promote economic growth and diversification in South Africa.

The downturn in the metal industry and reduced demand from China has led to diminished exports, reducing revenue for local mining companies. This decline can destabilize the industry, resulting in reduced investment, job losses, and a ripple effect throughout the economy as mining supports numerous related sectors.

Several factors have contributed to the instability of South Africa's mining sector. These include fluctuating global commodity prices, which can drastically affect profit margins. Additionally, the sector faces challenges from inadequate infrastructure, making transportation of goods inefficient. Labor-related issues, including strikes and insufficient skilled labor, can hinder production, further destabilizing the industry. Regulatory uncertainties may also lead to hesitance in investment, while environmental concerns can impose additional operational costs. Such factors collectively create an unpredictable environment, making it difficult for companies to plan for the future.

A spatial development initiative (SDI) is a strategic effort aimed at promoting economic growth in specific regions of a country by integrating various sectors and projects. It emphasizes collaboration between multiple stakeholders to enhance local and regional development.

One southern African country that shares or collaborates with South Africa on the Maputo Development Corridor SDI is Mozambique.

The Wild Coast was chosen for development as an SDI due to its potential for growth, specifically in areas like ecotourism and sustainable agriculture, which can significantly uplift local economies.

Firstly, the Maputo Development Corridor and Wild Coast SDI can provide economic opportunities by facilitating investment in local industries and tourism, creating jobs for local residents. Secondly, such initiatives can enhance infrastructure development, leading to improved access to services like healthcare and education, thereby elevating the quality of life for community members.