3.1 Refer to Source 3A - NSC History - Question 3 - 2022 - Paper 2

Climate change refers to significant alterations in global temperatures and weather patterns over time. It is largely driven by human activities that increase greenhouse gas concentrations, leading to rising temperatures, melting ice caps, and changing weather conditions.

1. To commit countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions to fight global warming.
2. To oversee the logistical and substantive issues related to the implementation of emission-reduction targets.

1. Coordinating policy discussions with various stakeholders.
2. Organizing logistical arrangements for the conference.

The richest 10 per cent of the world population produces about half of global CO₂ emissions.

The poorest 50 per cent of the world population accounts for only about 10 per cent of global CO₂ emissions.

Rich countries often prioritize economic growth over environmental commitments, leading to insufficient action to meet their pledges. Additionally, political pressure from industries often hampers meaningful climate action, resulting in a lack of accountability.

Thunberg emphasizes that active community engagement and grassroots movements drive real change in climate action, rather than top-down directives from governments or corporations, which often fail to deliver.

The source is likely reliable as it reflects a widely-discussed public speech by Greta Thunberg, presenting concerns of many citizens about government inaction. However, it requires corroborating evidence to gauge the historical context fully.

1. The need for developed countries to meet their financial commitments to support developing nations in fighting climate change.
2. The importance of collective action to address global environmental challenges.

This statement implies that Modi viewed the Paris Summit as more than just a meeting; it was a deep emotional commitment to tackling climate change, highlighting the political will essential for effective action.

Developing countries like Brazil, India, and South Africa face unique challenges in balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability. They often have lower income levels, limited resources, and are more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.

1. India has made significant policy shifts toward sustainability and has communicated this effectively on international platforms.
2. The country has shown a willingness to implement initiatives to reduce emissions while maintaining economic growth.

The photograph likely serves to highlight the pressing climate issues affecting Brazil, intending to raise public awareness and drive engagements towards environmental advocacy.

Brazilians are deeply concerned about the Amazon and Catanga Forests due to their vital role in biodiversity and carbon storage, with deforestation threatening both the environment and livelihoods of local communities.

Source 3B outlines the disproportionate CO₂ emissions from rich countries, emphasizing the need for equitable climate policies depicted in Source 3D, which discusses grassroots movements advocating for environmental justice.

Developing countries in BRICS have made varied commitments to climate change, often focusing on balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability. While there have been significant pledges and some implementations, challenges remain due to resource constraints and political will.