Explain how the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 contributed to the political changes that occurred in South Africa - NSC History - Question 6 - 2017 - Paper 2

The fall of the Berlin Wall acted as a powerful symbol of the end of communist authoritarianism in Eastern Europe, leading to a ripple effect. This event demonstrated that oppressive regimes could be challenged and defeated, inspiring anti-apartheid movements within South Africa to amplify their calls for democratic governance.

The shifting geopolitical landscape contributed to the eventual weakening of apartheid in South Africa. With the USSR's collapse, the National Party could no longer justify its rule based on the fear of communist expansion in Southern Africa, making it increasingly difficult to maintain the oppressive system.

The loss of Soviet support deprived the African National Congress (ANC) of vital economic and military assistance. This shift forced the ANC to adapt its strategies and seek support from other international allies, thereby increasing the legitimacy of its struggle for freedom and equality.

Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms, known as Glasnost and Perestroika, encouraged dialogue and peaceful transitions of power. His leadership suggested to South African leaders, especially the National Party, that negotiation rather than violence was a viable path, leading to discussions with the ANC.

In conclusion, the collapse of the Soviet Union and its accompanying effects reinvigorated the anti-apartheid struggle, ultimately leading to a democratic South Africa. The events of 1989 empowered South Africans to pursue their rights and redefined the country's relationship with the international community.