Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union (Perestroika and Glasnost) led to the birth of a new era of co-operation between the African National Congress (ANC) and the National Party (NP) in South Africa from 1989 - English General - NSC History - Question 6 - 2021 - Paper 2

In addressing the statement, I agree that Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms (Perestroika and Glasnost) indeed facilitated a new era of cooperation between the ANC and the NP in South Africa. Gorbachev's policies significantly influenced not just Soviet affairs but also international relations, including those in Southern Africa.

Historical Context

Gorbachev's introduction of Perestroika and Glasnost in the Soviet Union brought about much-needed reforms aimed at reviving a stagnating economy and a repressive political system. As these reforms took shape, the Soviet stance on communism and its allyship with revolutionary movements globally transformed.

Influence on South Africa

1. End of Cold War Dynamics: With the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the global political landscape shifted. The United States and its allies no longer supported the apartheid regime in South Africa, as communism became less of a threat, allowing for negotiations with the ANC.

2. Pressure on the NP: The decline of Soviet influence in the region pressured the NP to reconsider its hardline stance against the ANC. The NP could no longer rely on the justification of fighting communism to sustain apartheid policies, as global support dwindled.

3. Sanctions and Diplomatic Isolation: The West exerted pressure on the NP to engage with the ANC, imposing sanctions that compelled negotiations. The NP’s leadership realized that apartheid was not sustainable and began to explore solutions, leading to talks with the ANC.

4. Influence of Soviet Decline: The Soviet Union’s inability to support liberation movements financially weakened these movements' positions, pressuring the ANC to negotiate rather than resort to armed conflict.

5. Shifts in Political Landscape: The shift towards democracy was further advanced by internal pressures within South Africa. The ANC was ready to negotiate alternatives, demonstrating its commitment to a peaceful transition.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Gorbachev's reforms did not just change the Soviet Union; they had a profound impact on global geopolitics, fostering an environment conducive to negotiations in apartheid South Africa. Ultimately, this alignment between the ANC and NP was pivotal for the transition toward a democratic South Africa.