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Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union during the 1980s contributed to political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2018 - Paper 2
Question 6
Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union during the 1980s contributed to political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989. Support y... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union during the 1980s contributed to political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2018 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction: Gorbachev's Reforms and Political Transformation in South Africa
Answer
Gorbachev's reforms, particularly Perestroika and Glasnost, played a significant role in shaping political landscapes not only within the Soviet Union but also in South Africa. These reforms contributed to a weakening of Soviet control and support, which had lasting implications for the political movements in South Africa, particularly the African National Congress (ANC).
Step 2
Gorbachev's Reforms of Perestroika and Glasnost and its Impact
Answer
Gorbachev implemented major reforms under Perestroika, which aimed to decentralize the economy and promote transparency through Glasnost. These reforms undermined the Soviet Union's ability to maintain influence over communist regimes worldwide. As a result, the ANC realized it could no longer rely on the USSR for economic and military support, prompting a shift in strategy.
Step 3
The Impact of the Disintegration of the Soviet Union by the End of 1989 on South Africa
Answer
The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 signaled a significant reduction in communist influence globally, allowing South Africa's political landscape to transform. The South African government could no longer justify its policies of apartheid under the pretense of countering communism, as the geopolitical dynamics had changed.
Step 4
The ANC and the Changing Political Dynamics
Answer
The ANC recognized the need for a peaceful transition to power in South Africa. The ANC had to rethink its economic policies of socialism and accept more pragmatic approaches to governance. Gorbachev's favor for a peaceful transition also influenced the ANC's strategies during negotiations with the National Party.
Step 5
Western Powers and Support for a Peaceful Transition
Answer
With the endorsement of Western powers, who were no longer concerned about communist expansion, the National Party's claims of acting as a 'bulwark' against communism became untenable. This shift facilitated negotiations that led to the end of apartheid and the establishment of a democratic South Africa.