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HOW DID THE MARSHALL PLAN ATTEMPT TO RESTORE THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY AFTER THE DEVASTATION OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR? Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and answer the questions that follow - NSC History - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 1
HOW DID THE MARSHALL PLAN ATTEMPT TO RESTORE THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY AFTER THE DEVASTATION OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR? Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and answer the questions t... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:HOW DID THE MARSHALL PLAN ATTEMPT TO RESTORE THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY AFTER THE DEVASTATION OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR? Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and answer the questions that follow - NSC History - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
1.1.1 Quote TWO pieces of evidence from the source which suggests that conditions in Europe in 1947 were dire (horrible).
Answer
- Evidence of food shortages and high unemployment rates highlighted a dire situation for many in Europe.
- The statement regarding the overall deterioration of the economic situation indicates widespread hardship, exemplified by a stagnation in trade among European nations.
Step 2
1.1.2 Name any TWO hardships in the source that the European public faced as a result of the devastation caused by the Second World War.
Answer
- Food shortages affected daily life and nutrition, leading to malnutrition.
- The high unemployment rates increased poverty and despair among the population.
Step 3
1.1.3 Define the concept communism in your own words.
Answer
Communism is a political theory advocating for a classless society where the means of production are owned communally, effectively eliminating private property. It seeks to address inequality by distributing resources according to need rather than market forces.
Step 4
1.1.4 Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain how the growing threat of communism would impact on the USA.
Answer
The rise of communism in post-war Europe posed a significant threat to the USA, as it feared the spread of communist ideology could undermine democratic values and capitalism. This growing influence could lead to increased tensions during the Cold War, pushing the US to take proactive measures to contain communism and support capitalist governments in Europe.
Step 5
1.2.1 Identify TWO basic purposes of the Marshall Plan stated in the source.
Answer
- To provide immediate financial assistance for rebuilding infrastructure and economies in European countries.
- To promote stability by encouraging democratic governments and curbing the influence of communism.
Step 6
1.2.2 Explain the term individual liberty in the context of the Marshall Plan.
Answer
Individual liberty refers to the freedom of citizens to make choices without government interference. In the context of the Marshall Plan, it emphasizes the importance of empowering European nations to rebuild autonomously, promoting democratic freedoms over communist control.
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Step 9
1.2.5 Mention any action advised by the USA, content from the following statement: 'The United States constantly pressured the European nations to participate in the program and make collective use of the aid to rebuild Europe as a whole.'
Answer
The USA advocated for comprehensive cooperation among European nations, encouraging them to not only accept aid but to collaborate effectively to ensure that resources were used collectively to rebuild the continent and resist any economic or political influence from the Soviets.