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Why did foreign powers become involved in the Angolan Civil War between 1974 and 1976? Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow - NSC History - Question 2 - 2021 - Paper 1
Question 2
Why did foreign powers become involved in the Angolan Civil War between 1974 and 1976? Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow. 2.1 St... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Why did foreign powers become involved in the Angolan Civil War between 1974 and 1976? Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow - NSC History - Question 2 - 2021 - Paper 1
Step 1
What incident, according to the source, led to the process of decolonisation in Portugal?
Answer
According to the source, the incident that led to the process of decolonisation in Portugal was the military coup in April 1974, which led to the overthrow of the Salazar-Caetano regime. This event was pivotal as it catalyzed the decolonisation process in Portuguese colonies, including Angola.
Step 2
Define the concept decolonisation in your own words.
Answer
Decolonisation refers to the process through which a colonized country gains independence from colonial powers. It involves the withdrawal of colonial administration and the establishment of self-governance. This process can also include the recognition of rights and cultural identities that may have been suppressed during colonization.
Step 3
Name the THREE liberation movements in the source that signed the Alvor Agreement in 1975.
Answer
The three liberation movements that signed the Alvor Agreement in 1975 were the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), and the Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).
Step 4
Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain what led to the collapse of the Alvor Accord in 1975.
Answer
The collapse of the Alvor Accord in 1975 can be attributed to multiple factors. Internal strife among the different factions escalated as ideological differences deepened. The MPLA and UNITA had conflicting visions for Angola's future, leading to increasing tensions. Additionally, foreign interventions, particularly from the USSR and the USA, fueled the conflict, as these powers supported their respective allies. Ultimately, the lack of a cohesive political agreement and external influences contributed to the breakdown of the accord.
Step 5
Step 6
In the context of the Cold War in Angola, explain the term domino effect.
Answer
In the context of the Cold War, the term 'domino effect' refers to the idea that the spread of communism in one country could lead to a chain reaction in neighboring countries. The USA feared that if communism was allowed to thrive in Angola, it could destabilize the entire region, leading to further communist uprisings across Africa.
Step 7
Quote evidence from the source that suggests that the Soviet Union was attempting to establish a military base in Angola.
Answer
The source indicates that 'the CIA feared that the Soviet Union was attempting to establish a military base in Angola.' This highlights the strategic importance of Angola during the Cold War and the concern of Western powers regarding Soviet expansion.
Step 8
Why, according to the source, was the question of South Africa coming to an arrangement with the MPLA a non-starter?
Answer
According to the source, the question of South Africa coming to an arrangement with the MPLA was a non-starter due to ideological differences and a mutual suspicion. South Africa's anti-communist stance clashed with the MPLA's alignment with communist countries.
Step 9
Name TWO South African state agencies, referred to in the source, that met with both the FNLA and UNITA in Angola as well as Europe in 1975.
Answer
The two South African state agencies referred to in the source that met with both the FNLA and UNITA were the South African Defence Force (SADF) and the Bureau of State Security (BOSS).
Step 10
Comment on the meaning of the statement, 'an Angola under their (FNLA and UNITA) control would form part of an anti-Communist bloc in southern Africa.'
Answer
The statement suggests that if the FNLA and UNITA were to control Angola, it would align the country with other anti-communist regimes in southern Africa. This scenario reflects the geopolitical struggle during the Cold War, where the influence of communism was met with opposition from various nations in the region.
Step 11
Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why South Africa provided limited military aid and funding to both the FNLA and UNITA.
Answer
South Africa provided limited military aid and funding to both the FNLA and UNITA because of its strategic interests in ensuring a controlled opposition to the MPLA, while avoiding direct involvement in the conflict. By limiting support, South Africa could maintain plausible deniability while still working towards its objectives of preventing communist influence from spreading.
Step 12
Explain how these sources are similar regarding the involvement of the USA and South Africa in the Angolan Civil War between 1974 and 1976.
Answer
Both Sources 2B and 2C illustrate the involvement of the USA and South Africa as being motivated by anti-communist sentiments. They highlight the strategies used by both nations to counter the spread of communism in Angola, emphasizing their cooperation in supporting the MPLA's opponents.
Step 13
What messages are conveyed in this poster regarding the involvement of the USA and South Africa in the Angolan Civil War between 1974 and 1976?
Answer
The poster conveys that foreign powers like the USA and South Africa are not welcomed in Angola, as their involvement is perceived as an intrusion that exacerbates the conflict. It suggests a rejection of foreign intervention, drawing parallels with previous conflicts in Vietnam and promoting a message of sovereignty for Angola.
Step 14
Explain the limitations of this source to a historian researching the Angolan Civil War between 1974 and 1976.
Answer
The limitations of this source include potential bias, as it may not represent the perspectives of all parties involved in the Angolan Civil War. It primarily reflects the viewpoint of those opposed to foreign intervention, thus omitting the broader context and motivations driving the involvement of countries like the USA and South Africa.
Step 15
Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining why foreign powers became involved in the Angolan Civil War between 1974 and 1976.
Answer
Foreign powers became involved in the Angolan Civil War due to geopolitical interests during the Cold War. The USA aimed to prevent the spread of communism, associating it with Soviet support for the MPLA, while South Africa sought to maintain regional stability and curb communist influence. Both nations viewed Angola as strategically significant, leading to increasing military aid to opposition groups like UNITA and FNLA. Ultimately, their involvement was part of a larger global struggle between communism and anti-communist blocs.