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Explain to what extent Tanzania was more successful than the Congo in addressing the political, economic and social challenges that confronted them after attaining independence in the early 1960s - NSC History - Question 5 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 5
Explain to what extent Tanzania was more successful than the Congo in addressing the political, economic and social challenges that confronted them after attaining i... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain to what extent Tanzania was more successful than the Congo in addressing the political, economic and social challenges that confronted them after attaining independence in the early 1960s - NSC History - Question 5 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Political challenges
Answer
Both Tanzania and the Congo faced significant political challenges after independence. Tanzania, under Julius Nyerere, established a one-party state which aimed at unifying the country while promoting nationalism. In contrast, the Congo, led by Mobutu Sese Seko, struggled with ethnic fragmentation and violence.
Nyerere’s policies focused on regaining political stability and unity, fostering national pride through Africanisation. On the other hand, Mobutu emphasized personal power and favoritism, leading to widespread human rights abuses and corruption. While both leaders silenced opposition, Tanzania was able to maintain relative political stability and cohesion, unlike the constantly unstable Congo.
Step 2
Economic challenges
Answer
Economically, both countries inherited single-product economies which were heavily reliant on their colonial past. Tanzania adopted a more communal approach through the Ujamaa policy, which sought to reduce economic inequalities and promote social welfare. Conversely, the Congo maintained a capitalist economy dominated by foreign interests.
While Tanzania faced its economic struggles including a lack of industrialization, it managed to secure loans and aid conditioned on social development. The Congo, on the other hand, suffered from corruption and resource mismanagement, failing to establish a significant manufacturing sector or economic stability.
Step 3
Social challenges
Answer
In terms of social challenges, Tanzania addressed educational disparities by promoting local languages and implementing a literacy campaign. The 'Education for Self-Reliance' program aimed at improving rural education.
Conversely, the Congo inherited a colonial education system that favored French and limited access to education for the majority. This led to a significant gap in educational attainment, as Tanzania successfully expanded its educational infrastructure, while the Congo lagged behind with minimal progress in education.
Step 4
Conclusion
Answer
In summary, while both countries faced immense challenges post-independence, Tanzania emerged more successfully in addressing these issues through its policies aimed at political unity, economic equality, and social development. The contrasting leadership styles of Nyerere and Mobutu further highlight the differences in outcomes, with Tanzania managing to create a more cohesive and stable nation.