Photo AI
Explain to what extent the leadership of Mobutu Sese Seko and Julius Nyerere had an impact on the political and economic development of both the Congo and Tanzania after attaining independence. - NSC History - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 1
Question 5
Explain to what extent the leadership of Mobutu Sese Seko and Julius Nyerere had an impact on the political and economic development of both the Congo and Tanzania a... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain to what extent the leadership of Mobutu Sese Seko and Julius Nyerere had an impact on the political and economic development of both the Congo and Tanzania after attaining independence. - NSC History - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 1
Step 1
Introduction
Answer
The leadership of Mobutu Sese Seko in the Congo and Julius Nyerere in Tanzania significantly influenced their respective nations' political and economic landscapes following independence. While both leaders prioritized national stability and development, their contrasting governance styles led to varying impacts: Mobutu's kleptocracy undermined the Congo's progress, whereas Nyerere's policies focused on education and social welfare in Tanzania.
Step 2
Political Stability
Answer
Both the Congo and Tanzania faced instability in the early years post-independence, transitioning from colonial rule to one-party states within a few years.
Similarities:
- Leaders of both nations viewed democracy through the lens of stability, often regarding it as un-African. This resulted in silencing dissent to maintain control.
Differences:
- Mobutu's regime was marked by corruption and a lack of integrity, as he appointed officials based on loyalty rather than capability, leading to financial exploitation. In contrast, Nyerere promoted the 'Leadership Code' emphasizing integrity and responsibility among leaders, fostering a sense of national pride.
Step 3
Economic Development
Answer
Both nations saw a focus on agriculture and mineral wealth in post-colonial times, yet they encountered difficulties in establishing robust economies.
Similarities:
- Neither country developed a strong manufacturing sector and faced significant economic challenges, with the majority of citizens not benefiting from national wealth.
Differences:
- Mobutu initiated a capitalist model closely tied to his personal interests, resulting in significant foreign aid dependency. Conversely, Nyerere embraced socialism and sought investments to enhance local resources, reinforcing self-sufficiency through initiatives like the Arusha Declaration, which aimed at nationalizing resources and empowering citizens.
Step 4
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, while both leaders influenced their nations' trajectories post-independence remarkably, their approaches to governance and economic policy starkly contrasted. Mobutu's prioritization of personal gain led to economic disarray and political repression in the Congo, whereas Nyerere's efforts to promote social equity and development presented a more positive outcome for Tanzania.