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QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989 Explain to what extent the demise (downfall) of communism in the Soviet Union was largely responsible for political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2021 - Paper 2
Question 6
QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989 Explain to what extent the demise (downfall) of communism in the Soviet Union was larg... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:QUESTION 6: THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989 Explain to what extent the demise (downfall) of communism in the Soviet Union was largely responsible for political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2021 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction: Explain to what extent the demise of communism in the Soviet Union was largely responsible for political changes in South Africa after 1989.
Answer
The demise of communism in the Soviet Union at the end of 1989 marked a significant turning point in global geopolitics. This shift reduced the perceived threat of communism, leading to changes not just in Eastern Europe, but significantly impacting political dynamics in South Africa as well. The end of the Cold War facilitated a transitional phase in South Africa characterized by negotiations and reforms aimed at dismantling apartheid, indicating that the decline of Soviet influence played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape.
Step 2
The Soviet Union disintegrated by the end of 1989 and was no longer regarded as a super power.
Answer
With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the global balance of power shifted. South Africa, previously seen as a crucial element in the fight against communism, found itself in a new context where the Soviet threat was diminished. This change led to an environment more conducive for political dialogue and reform within South Africa.
Step 3
Communism was no longer seen as a 'global threat'.
Answer
As communism lost its credibility and power, former allies of the Soviet Union like the African National Congress (ANC) were in a better position to negotiate. This allowed South Africa to explore alternatives to the violent struggles that had marked its past, leaning towards peaceful resolutions and negotiations.
Step 4
The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.
Answer
The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of a divided Europe and a decline in strict ideological divisions globally. This event spurred movements in South Africa, inspiring activists to push for change in a similar spirit of liberation and dialogue. The ANC and other opposition groups gained momentum, leading to greater dialogue with the government.
Step 5
Conclusion: Substantiate your argument with relevant evidence.
Answer
In conclusion, while internal factors such as the mass mobilization against apartheid were essential, the demise of the Soviet Union and its ideological influence significantly contributed to the political changes in South Africa post-1989. The international context, influenced by the end of the Cold War, allowed for the ANC to engage with the ruling National Party, culminating in reforms and the eventual unbanning of anti-apartheid organizations.