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Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union (Perestroika and Glasnost) led to the birth of a new era of co-operation between the African National Congress (ANC) and the National Party (NP) in South Africa from 1989 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2021 - Paper 2
Question 6
Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union (Perestroika and Glasnost) led to the birth of a new era of co-operation between the African National Congress (ANC) ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union (Perestroika and Glasnost) led to the birth of a new era of co-operation between the African National Congress (ANC) and the National Party (NP) in South Africa from 1989 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2021 - Paper 2
Step 1
Agreement with the Statement
Answer
Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union indeed fostered a new era of co-operation between the ANC and the NP. The introduction of Perestroika allowed some private ownership, facilitating political and economic changes that pressured the National Party. In this context, the ANC could negotiate from a position of increasing strength. By the end of the Cold War, the Soviet Union's influence weakened, leading to a collapse of supportive structures around apartheid. Thus, Gorbachev’s push for openness, encapsulated in Glasnost, paved the way for dialogue and mutual understanding between historically opposing parties.
Step 2
Historical Evidence Supporting Cooperation
Answer
The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked a significant transition, symbolizing the end of the Cold War. The USA and its allies could no longer sustain support for the apartheid regime, resulting in a re-evaluation of the political situation in South Africa. As the National Party struggled to maintain its supremacy, it became clear that reform was crucial. Gorbachev's policies exemplified a broader movement toward dialogue, influencing then-President De Klerk's decision to negotiate with the ANC, which perceived the ANC as a viable partner rather than a threat.
Step 3
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, I agree with the statement that Gorbachev's reforms contributed to a new era of cooperation in South Africa. His policies fostered an environment where historical adversaries could negotiate, ultimately leading to the dismantling of apartheid and a new democratic order. The interplay of international pressure and internal reform created a landscape conducive for negotiations that altered South Africa's political trajectory significantly.