1.1 Refer to Source 1A - NSC History - Question 1 - 2017 - Paper 2

The purpose of the Black Community Programmes was primarily to uplift the black community by addressing the inequalities faced under apartheid, enhancing their social and economic conditions.

Biko suggested that the Black man's existence is dominated by immediate survival needs due to oppressive conditions. This reflects the philosophy of Black Consciousness that advocates for not just survival but a conscious fight for dignity, equality, and a better future.

Biko expected that the philosophy of Black Consciousness would empower the Black man by instilling a sense of self-worth, fostering autonomy, and encouraging collective action towards liberation.

According to Donald Woods, Biko's toughness in detention stemmed from his resilience, unwavering principles, and his ability to endure hardship without compromising his beliefs.

Woods implied that while Biko was assertive and unwavering in his fight against injustice, he sought a peaceful resolution that included all South Africans, emphasizing unity rather than division.

Kruger likely denied the accusations to maintain the state's image and avoid accountability for Biko's death, reflecting a broader systemic denial of state violence against activists.

The source provides critical insights into the political context, public perception of Biko, and the state's efforts to manage the narrative around his death, thereby offering valuable evidence for historians.

Apartheid was a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa, enforcing laws that privileged the white minority over the black majority.

Oppression refers to the unjust treatment and exploitation of individuals or groups based on their race or socio-economic status, leading to systemic inequalities.

Gordimer likely regarded Biko as a hero due to his courageous stand against oppression, his advocacy for justice, and his dedication to empowering the marginalized black community.

Biko's attributes included his profound understanding of the societal needs, his commitment to freedom and justice, and his ability to inspire collective action towards social change.

The cartoon conveys messages about the enduring impact of Biko's legacy and the ongoing struggle for freedom and equality faced by Black South Africans, highlighting the importance of his contributions.

Source 1C illustrates Biko's influential role in promoting Black Consciousness, which aligns with Source 1D’s depiction of his lasting legacy and inspiration for subsequent political movements and leaders.

Stephen Bantu Biko was instrumental in shaping the Black Consciousness Movement in the 1970s, advocating for the rights and dignity of Black South Africans. He emphasized self-reliance and psychological liberation, sparking a sense of pride among the oppressed. Biko's philosophy influenced many activists, encouraging them to challenge apartheid ideologically and politically. His untimely death drew national and international attention to the brutality of the apartheid regime, solidifying his role as a martyr for the freedom struggle.