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QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE MASS DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT (MDM) CHALLENGE THE SEGREGATORY LAWS OF SOUTH AFRICA'S APARTHEID GOVERNMENT IN THE LATE 1980s? 1.1 Study Source 1A - NSC History - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 2
Question 1
QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE MASS DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT (MDM) CHALLENGE THE SEGREGATORY LAWS OF SOUTH AFRICA'S APARTHEID GOVERNMENT IN THE LATE 1980s? 1.1 Study Source 1A.... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:QUESTION 1: HOW DID THE MASS DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT (MDM) CHALLENGE THE SEGREGATORY LAWS OF SOUTH AFRICA'S APARTHEID GOVERNMENT IN THE LATE 1980s? 1.1 Study Source 1A - NSC History - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 2
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1.1.2 What, according to the UDF, was the Mass Democratic Movement (MDM) expected to achieve in the struggle against apartheid? Give TWO responses.
Answer
- The MDM was expected to strengthen grassroots structures to involve local organisations in the struggle.
- It aimed to unify various anti-apartheid movements under a common cause to enhance the struggle against apartheid.
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1.1.3 Comment on the implication of the statement, 'a condition for affiliation for anti-apartheid movements must be adherence to the provisions of the ANC’s Freedom Charter,' in the context of the struggle against apartheid.
Answer
The implication of this statement suggests that a collective commitment to a common ideological framework, as outlined in the Freedom Charter, is essential for unity among anti-apartheid groups. This condition likely aimed to ensure that all movements shared common goals and strategies, thereby strengthening their collective efforts against apartheid.
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1.1.4 Explain the term civil disobedience in the context of activities organised by the MDM in September 1989.
Answer
Civil disobedience refers to the non-violent protest strategies adopted by the MDM, where participants consciously violated certain laws to challenge the legitimacy of apartheid regulations. In September 1989, MDM activities emphasized peaceful resistance, drawing attention to the unjust laws in a way that aimed to provoke change.
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1.2.1 Explain the messages conveyed in the photograph regarding the MDM's 'Open Hospital' defiance campaign against segregation.
Answer
The photograph conveys messages of unity and defiance against apartheid. The 'Open Hospital' campaign highlights the MDM's commitment to challenging segregationist policies by promoting equal access to healthcare, showcasing multiracial participation and resistance against discriminatory practices.
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1.2.2 Comment on the racial composition of protestors that took part in this campaign.
Answer
The racial composition of the protestors in this campaign was notably multiracial, reflecting the MDM's inclusive approach. This diversity emphasized the unity among different ethnic groups in the struggle against segregation, sending a powerful message against apartheid.
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1.3 Refer to Sources 1A and 1B. Explain how the information in Source 1A supports the evidence in Source 1B regarding the defiance campaigns organised by the MDM against segregation laws in 1989.
Answer
Source 1A outlines the MDM's objectives in resisting apartheid laws, while Source 1B provides specific examples of their defiance campaigns. The alignment between the stated goals in Source 1A and the actions depicted in Source 1B illustrates the MDM's strategy of grassroots mobilization and multiracial participation in challenging segregation laws.
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1.4.1 Why, according to the source, did Tutu and Boesak lead a peace march to Parliament on 13 September 1989?
Answer
According to the source, Tutu and Boesak led the peace march to Parliament to protest against political violence and to advocate for a peaceful resolution to the ongoing conflicts.
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1.4.2 Explain what Tutu meant with his expression, 'Fifteen is a massacre ... Even if we deal only with their figures, it is a scandal' in the context of police reaction against protestors.
Answer
Tutu's expression highlights the gravity of police violence, indicating that even a small number of casualties is unacceptable. His statement criticizes the unjust treatment of protestors and emphasizes the moral outrage surrounding excessive police brutality.
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1.4.3 Quote THREE reasons from the source why De Klerk allowed the peace march to proceed.
Answer
- De Klerk was influenced by the NP leadership's desire to prevent conflict.
- The need to create a new course for the government was paramount.
- De Klerk aimed to reduce tensions with the new NP leadership and hoped for stability.
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1.4.4 Why do you think the police kept a low profile during the peace march to the Cape Town City Hall on 13 September 1989?
Answer
The police likely kept a low profile during the peace march to maintain peace and avoid escalating tensions. Their presence might have been minimized to demonstrate an understanding of the right to peaceful protest and to prevent any provocation that could lead to violence.
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1.4.5 Comment on the usefulness of this source to a researcher studying the events that took place during the peace march to the Cape Town City Hall on 13 September 1989.
Answer
This source is useful as it provides first-hand accounts of the events during the peace march. It details the motivations of key figures and captures the atmosphere of the protest, making it a valuable resource for understanding the broader context of the anti-apartheid movement.
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1.5.1 According to the source, state THREE ways in which the police dealt with the MDM leaders and protestors who contravened their restriction orders.
Answer
- The police clamped down on protests.
- They arrested individuals participating in MDM activities.
- The police used harassment tactics against protest leaders.
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1.5.3 Quote evidence from the source which suggests that the US administration was against the clampdown on Tutu and his support by the apartheid government.
Answer
The evidence indicates that the US administration openly disapproved of the South African government's actions against Tutu, suggesting international concern over the lack of political pluralism.
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1.5.4 Why do you think Lieutenant Gregory Rockman commented that his colleagues had acted like 'wild dogs with a killer instinct'?
Answer
Lieutenant Rockman's comment likely reflects frustration with the aggressive tactics used by the police against non-violent protestors, highlighting a perceived lack of restraint and justification in their actions.
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1.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how the MDM challenged the segregatory laws of South Africa's apartheid government in the 1980s.
Answer
The Mass Democratic Movement (MDM) effectively challenged South Africa's apartheid government by organizing multiracial protests and defiance campaigns against oppressive laws. They mobilized grassroots support, emphasizing the need for equality and justice, and directly opposed segregation by actively participating in peaceful demonstrations. The MDM's strategies highlighted the importance of unity among diverse groups, showcasing a collective resistance that drew national and international attention to the injustices of apartheid, thereby influencing public opinion and political change.