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THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989 Explain to what extent the demise (downfall) of communism in the Soviet Union was largely responsible for political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2021 - Paper 2
Question 6
THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989 Explain to what extent the demise (downfall) of communism in the Soviet Union was largely responsi... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER: THE EVENTS OF 1989 Explain to what extent the demise (downfall) of communism in the Soviet Union was largely responsible for political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2021 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction: The Demise of Communism and Its Context
Answer
The demise of communism in the Soviet Union in 1989 marked a significant geopolitical shift that influenced various global dynamics, including those within South Africa. As communism was no longer seen as a global threat, South Africa’s political landscape began to change, largely due to the decline in support from the Soviet Union for the African National Congress (ANC) and other liberation movements.
Step 2
The Soviet Union's Disintegration
Answer
The disintegration of the Soviet Union at the end of 1989 transformed it from a superpower into a nation struggling with internal challenges. This shift eliminated the Soviet backing that had historically empowered anti-apartheid movements, resulting in the ANC seeking support from Western nations instead.
Step 3
Shift in Global Politics
Answer
Communism's fall led to the end of the Cold War, which reduced the perceived necessity for nations like South Africa to ally with superpowers for security and support. With the West no longer facing a global communist threat, they became more open to policies promoting dialogue and reforms in South Africa.
Step 4
South Africa's Political Changes Post-1989
Answer
Following 1989, the apartheid government, under leaders like F.W. de Klerk, recognized that the continuation of harsh policies would be unsustainable. The absence of Soviet support for the ANC led to serious negotiations between the government and the ANC, culminating in democratic reforms and the eventual dismantling of the apartheid regime.
Step 5
Conclusion: The Extent of Responsibility
Answer
The extent to which the demise of communism in the Soviet Union influenced political changes in South Africa after 1989 is considerable. The lack of Soviet support for liberation movements catalyzed a shift towards negotiation and reform, ultimately leading to the end of apartheid. While local factors also played a role, the international environment shaped significantly by the fall of communism cannot be underestimated.