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The implementation of Mao Zedong's policies, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, was a dismal failure - NSC History - Question 4 - 2017 - Paper 1
Question 4
The implementation of Mao Zedong's policies, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, was a dismal failure. Do you agree with this statement? Use relevan... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The implementation of Mao Zedong's policies, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, was a dismal failure - NSC History - Question 4 - 2017 - Paper 1
Step 1
Introduction: Do you agree with this statement?
Answer
In assessing whether Mao Zedong's policies resulted in dismal failures during the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, it is crucial to consider their intended outcomes in comparison to the actual results. While some might argue that these policies had aims of rapid economic growth and societal transformation, the evidence suggests that they led to substantial economic difficulties and social unrest.
Step 2
The Great Leap Forward (1958-1962)
Answer
Mao's Great Leap Forward aimed to catapult China into a leading industrial power, intending to double agricultural output and transition to collectivized farming. However, this was marked by disastrous outcomes:
- Poor Planning: The initiative suffered from a lack of effective planning and oversight, leading to mismanagement of resources.
- Famine: The policies led to widespread famine, with estimates of millions of deaths due to starvation. Local officials often inflated production figures, raising unrealistic expectations.
- Economic Regression: Rather than achieving industrialized success, the initiative is often referred to as the 'Great Leap Backwards', causing severe economic decline and hurting the agricultural sector.
Step 3
The Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
Answer
The Cultural Revolution sought to reinforce Mao's ideologies and eliminate capitalist influences; however, this too resulted in significant failures:
- Societal Turmoil: The movement cultivated societal chaos, with the Red Guards targeting intellectuals and perceived enemies, leading to violence and persecution.
- Economic Disruption: As industries were disrupted and professionals were purged, the economy faced stagnation. Key sectors were impacted negatively, furthering economic woes.
- Longevity of Impact: The Cultural Revolution left a legacy of distrust and fragmentation within Chinese society, damaging educational and cultural institutions.
Step 4
Conclusion: Assessing the failure of policies
Answer
In conclusion, Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, through their catastrophic planning, execution, and societal implications, can be viewed as dismal failures. The evidence from 1958 to 1969 highlights a trajectory of economic decline, human suffering, and a profound impact on China's development. Thus, I agree with the statement that these policies resulted in more harm than good for the nation.