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Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s influenced FW de Klerk to introduce political reforms that paved the way for negotiations for a democratic South Africa - NSC History - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 2
Question 6
Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s influenced FW de Klerk to introduce political reforms that paved the way for negotiat... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s influenced FW de Klerk to introduce political reforms that paved the way for negotiations for a democratic South Africa - NSC History - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction
Answer
Gorbachev's reforms in the mid-1980s, particularly Perestroika and Glasnost, played a crucial role in influencing FW de Klerk's decision to introduce political reforms in South Africa. These reforms not only marked a shift in Soviet policies but also had far-reaching effects on global politics, particularly in the context of the Cold War and its aftermath.
Step 2
Gorbachev's Economic Reforms
Answer
Gorbachev took leadership of the Soviet Union in 1985 and introduced Perestroika, which allowed for small-scale private ownership and reduced government control over production. This shift towards market-oriented reforms created a backdrop of change unsettling to oppressive regimes. The success of Perestroika made countries like South Africa reconsider their own rigid political frameworks.
Step 3
International Pressure and Diplomacy
Answer
As Gorbachev's reforms progressed, the Soviet Union was increasingly seen as a declining superpower. This led Western nations to pressure South Africa on human rights issues, contributing to de Klerk's decisions. The USA, no longer able to support an apartheid regime, shifted its focus towards diplomatic engagement. The constructive engagement led by leaders such as Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan urged South Africa to rethink its stance towards its marginalized population.
Step 4
The Collapse of Apartheid Support
Answer
The failure of the Soviet-backed National Party government coupled with economic hardship was pivotal in shaping de Klerk's approach. The ANC's struggles for negotiation were echoed in Gorbachev's recognition that political reforms were necessary to avoid revolution. This fear prompted de Klerk to seek a stable transition towards a democratic framework.
Step 5
De Klerk's Reforms and Action
Answer
FW de Klerk recognized the necessity for reform when he saw the inevitable downfall of apartheid in light of international trends. On 2nd February 1990, he announced the unbanning of the ANC and the liberation organizations, showcasing a tangible shift towards negotiation and reconciliatory politics aimed at achieving a democratic South Africa.
Step 6
Conclusion
Answer
Ultimately, Gorbachev's reforms acted as both an external influence and a model for de Klerk. They demonstrated that reform was feasible and necessary. While not the sole factor, Gorbachev's policies significantly impacted de Klerk's approach to introducing negotiations for a democratic South Africa, indicating a broader global shift away from rigid ideologies.