The MMA (Motorist Monitoring Agency) keeps a database on all motorist information and their offences - NSC Information Technology - Question 4 - 2022 - Paper 2

1. The primary key must be unique for each record, ensuring that no two records have the same value in this field.

2. The primary key cannot be null, meaning it must always contain a valid and required value.

The IDNumber field in the tblOffences table is best suited to establish a one-to-many relationship. This field references the IDNumber from the tblMotorists table, allowing multiple offences to be linked to a single motorist.

A more suitable data type for the VehicleRegNumber field would be 'Short Text'. This is appropriate because vehicle registration numbers can contain both letters and numbers, and a textual data type allows for this combination, while also accommodating potential leading zeros.

Splitting the NameAndSurname field into two separate fields allows for better data normalization. This makes it easier to process, sort, and filter records based on either the name or surname independently. Additionally, it facilitates clearer reporting and data entry.

Data redundancy refers to the unnecessary repetition of data within a database. This can lead to inconsistencies and inefficiencies, making data management more complex.

The process is known as normalization. Normalization organizes the database structure to minimize redundancy and dependency, addressing potential anomalies effectively.

An example of useful information could be determining the frequency of different types of offences committed, such as identifying the most common offence recorded during the specified time period.

Step 3 (Transforming Information into Knowledge) involves analyzing the extracted information to develop insights, such as understanding peak times for specific offences. Step 4 (Making Informed Decisions) would use this knowledge to enhance policing efforts, likely focusing resources on areas and times where specific offences are more prevalent.

Fuzzy logic is a form of reasoning that handles the concept of partial truth, where truth values may range between completely true and completely false. For instance, in traffic management, fuzzy logic could assess a driver's behavior to determine whether they are behaving recklessly, rather than relying on strict rules that classify behavior as either safe or unsafe.

SQL injection is a hacking technique where malicious SQL statements are inserted into input fields, allowing attackers to manipulate the database and gain unauthorized access to sensitive information.

An audit trail is a record that tracks who made changes to a database and when those changes occurred. It is critical for maintaining accountability and monitoring data integrity.

The type of data integrity referred to in the diagram is logical integrity. This ensures that the data within the database accurately represents the real-world entities it is meant to model.

Physical integrity of data involves protecting data against loss or corruption due to external factors such as power surges, natural disasters, or hardware failures.

1. Providing a user interface component, such as a date picker, to guide users in selecting valid dates.

2. Implementing input validation techniques, such as format checks and data type validation, to ensure proper entries.

Transaction processing is used to maintain data integrity by ensuring that all operations within a transaction are completed successfully before committing any changes. If any part of the transaction fails, the entire process is rolled back to its original state, preventing corruption and ensuring that the database remains consistent.