QUESTION 4 The MMA (Motorist Monitoring Agency) keeps a database on all motorist information and their offences - NSC Information Technology - Question 4 - 2022 - Paper 2

1. The primary key must be unique for each record in the table to prevent duplication.
2. It cannot contain null values; every record must have a valid primary key entry.

The IDNumber field in the tblOffences table would be best suited to establish a one-to-many relationship, as it links each offence to a specific motorist.

A suitable data type for the VehicleRegNumber field is Short Text. This is because vehicle registration numbers contain both numbers and letters, making a text type necessary to accommodate all possible formats.

Splitting the Name and Surname into two fields allows for better data organization and easier querying. It enables specific searches for either first names or surnames individually, enhancing database functionality and usability.

Data redundancy refers to the unnecessary repetition of data within a database. It can lead to inconsistencies and increased storage costs.

The process is known as Normalization, which organizes data to minimize redundancy and dependency.

An example of useful information is establishing the frequency of different offence types, such as the most common offence recorded during the specified time period.

Step 3 involves transforming information into knowledge by analyzing the frequency of offences to inform policing strategies. Step 4 then uses this knowledge to make informed decisions, such as increasing patrols in areas with high rates of speeding or illegal parking.

Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic that deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and exact. An example is assessing whether a driver is reckless based on the frequency of their offences: if they frequently skip stops or speed, they may be classified as reckless drivers, even if not every act results in a fine.

SQL injection is a hacking technique where SQL statements are inserted into input fields, allowing unauthorized users to manipulate database queries.

An audit trail is a record that tracks who made changes to a database and when those changes occurred, providing accountability and traceability.

The type of data integrity referred to is Logical Integrity, which ensures that the data is accurate and consistent.

Physical integrity of data entails protection against loss or corruption from external threats such as power surges or natural disasters.

1. Implement date pickers in input forms to ensure valid date selection.
2. Use validation rules to restrict input to the acceptable date format.

Transaction processing ensures that all parts of a transaction are completed successfully before committing data changes. If any part fails, changes are rolled back, maintaining data integrity and consistency within the database.