Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 1 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 1
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A to D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 1 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
1.1.1 Which ONE of the following characteristics applies to bipedal organisms?
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Answer
The characteristic that applies to bipedal organisms is D - An S-shaped spine. This spinal structure is essential for maintaining balance and effective locomotion in bipeds.
Step 2
1.1.2 Which ONE of the following statements about biodiversity is CORRECT?
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The correct statement regarding biodiversity is A - Speciation increases biodiversity. As new species arise, they contribute to the overall diversity of ecosystems.
Step 3
1.1.3 Which ONE of the following compounds contains amino acids?
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The compound that contains amino acids is B - Protein. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids, which are fundamental to various biological functions.
Step 4
1.1.4 Which statements describe the characteristics of discontinuous variation?
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The correct statements that describe the characteristics of discontinuous variation are A - P, Q and S only. Discontinuous variation involves traits that fall into distinct categories, as seen in the characteristics listed.
Step 5
1.2.1 The analysis of DNA samples to identify individuals that may be related
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The correct biological term for this process is 'DNA profiling' or 'DNA fingerprinting'.
Step 6
1.2.2 The sugar found in RNA
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The sugar found in RNA is 'Ribose'.
Step 7
1.2.3 The structure in an animal cell that forms spindle fibres
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Answer
The structure that forms spindle fibres in an animal cell is the 'Centrosome'.
Step 8
1.2.4 Undifferentiated animal cells that can give rise to specialised cell types
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These cells are known as 'Stem cells'.
Step 9
1.2.5 The division of the cytoplasm after a cell nucleus has divided
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This process is called 'Cytokinesis'.
Step 10
1.2.6 A diagram representing possible evolutionary relationships between species
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This diagram is referred to as a 'Phylogenetic tree'.
Step 11
1.4.3 Give the mRNA sequence, from left to right, for this segment of DNA.
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The mRNA sequence transcribed from the DNA segment can be derived using base pairing rules. If the given DNA sequence is, for example, ATCG, the corresponding mRNA would be UAGC.
Step 12
1.4.4 Give the sequence of amino acids that would be coded for by the section of DNA above.
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Using the provided DNA triplet table, the sequence of amino acids would be: Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Threonine, Asparagine, Leucine, Methionine.
Step 13
1.4.5 Give the anticodon for the amino acid methionine.
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The anticodon for Methionine, which has the codon AUG, is UAC.
Step 14
1.5.1 Name: (a) This disorder
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The disorder referred to is likely 'Down syndrome', a result of non-disjunction.
Step 15
1.5.1 Name: (b) The phase in meiosis when non-disjunction occurs
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Non-disjunction typically occurs during 'Anaphase I' or 'Anaphase II' of meiosis.
Step 16
1.5.1 Name: (c) The type of mutation that is a result of non-disjunction
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The type of mutation is called 'Aneuploidy'.
Step 17
1.5.2 Identify the type of chromosomes numbered 1 to 22.
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The chromosomes numbered 1 to 22 are 'Autosomes'.
Step 18
1.6.1 Name: (a) TWO hominid genera in the table above
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Two hominid genera are 'Sahelanthropus' and 'Australopithecus'.
Step 19
1.6.1 Name: (b) TWO fossils of A. africanus that were found in South Africa
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Two fossils are 'Taung Child' and 'Mrs Ples'.
Step 20
1.6.1 Name: (c) The genus that appeared first on Earth as shown in the table
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The genus that appeared first is 'Sahelanthropus'.
Step 21
1.6.2 Which hominid had a cranial capacity closest to that of Homo sapiens?
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The hominid with a cranial capacity closest to that of Homo sapiens is 'Homo neanderthalensis'.
Step 22
1.6.3 Give the smallest cranial capacity (in cm³) of a Homo species.
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The smallest cranial capacity of a Homo species is '650 cm³'.
Step 23
1.6.4 When did Australopithecus africanus become extinct?
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Australopithecus africanus became extinct approximately '2 million years ago'.
Step 24
1.6.5 Fossils are used as evidence of hominid evolution. Name TWO other lines of evidence.
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Two other lines of evidence of hominid evolution are 'Genetic evidence' and 'Cultural evidence'.
