3.1 The diagrams below show the skulls of two species of primates - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 3
3.1 The diagrams below show the skulls of two species of primates.
Skull 1
Skull 2
3.1.1 Tabulate THREE observable differences between skull 1 and skull 2 that sh... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:3.1 The diagrams below show the skulls of two species of primates - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
3.1.1 Tabulate THREE observable differences between skull 1 and skull 2 that show trends in human evolution.
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Answer
Feature
Skull 1
Skull 2
Brow Ridges
Pronounced
Less pronounced
Jaw Structure
Protruding jaws
Non-protruding jaws
Cranial Size
Smaller cranium
Larger cranium
Step 2
3.1.2 Give FOUR characteristics of the upper limbs that humans share with other primates.
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Answer
Freely rotating arms
Long upper arms
Rotation around elbow joints
Opposable thumbs
Step 3
3.1.3 Explain how an increase in cranial volume is related to intelligence.
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Answer
An increase in cranial volume is associated with a larger brain size, which provides more space for neurons and cerebral structures responsible for complex thought processes. A larger brain can facilitate improved cognitive functions, problem-solving abilities, and overall intelligence.
Step 4
3.2.1 What is meant by bipedalism?
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Bipedalism refers to the ability to walk on two legs, allowing for upright posture and locomotion.
Step 5
3.2.2 Explain how each of the following skeletal structures have contributed to bipedalism in humans:
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Step 6
3.3 Describe the process of speciation through geographical isolation.
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Answer
Speciation through geographical isolation occurs when a population is separated by a physical barrier, leading to different evolutionary paths. Each population undergoes natural selection based on its own specific environmental pressures. Over time, genetic divergence occurs, and the populations may evolve into distinct species, even if they were to come into contact again.
Step 7
3.4.1 Name THREE other sources of variation in a human population.
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Answer
Crossing over during meiosis
Random arrangement of chromosomes
Random mating
Step 8
3.4.2 Give evidence in the extract which suggests that the survival of people living at high altitudes could be:
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Step 9
3.4.3 Describe how Lamarck would explain the survival of Tibetans at high altitude.
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Answer
Lamarck might argue that Tibetans' ability to survive at high altitudes is a result of acquired traits developed over generations through use and adaptation to their environment, which were then passed to their offspring.
