2.1 A transitional fossil shows characteristics of two/between genera/species - NSC Life Sciences - Question 2 - 2017 - Paper 2

Bipedalism indicates the ability to walk on two legs, a significant adaptation that allows for efficient movement across various terrains. This trait is a major factor in human evolution, allowing for the free use of hands for tools and manipulation of the environment.

The structure of the pelvis demonstrates key adaptations for bipedal locomotion. Notably, a larger cranial volume is associated with advanced brain development, facilitating higher cognitive functions.

The positioning of the foramen magnum is crucial for maintaining a balanced upright posture. Its forward placement allows the spine to be positioned directly beneath the skull, which is essential for bipedal walking. This anatomical feature supports the idea of an upright gait by ensuring that the weight of the head is aligned with the body’s center of gravity.

The change in diet from tougher, raw foods to softer, cooked foods significantly influenced human evolution. Cooking food not only increases its digestibility but also enhances nutrient availability, supporting cognitive and physical development.

The data demonstrates a clear trend of increasing antibiotic resistance in MRSA over the two-decade period. This upward trajectory indicates the bacteria's adaptation and the consequences of antibiotic overuse, highlighting the need for effective infection control measures and new antibiotic development strategies.