The diagrams below show the re-absorption of salt and water through the tubules of a nephron in the kidney under three different conditions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 1
Question 3
The diagrams below show the re-absorption of salt and water through the tubules of a nephron in the kidney under three different conditions. The width of the arrows ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagrams below show the re-absorption of salt and water through the tubules of a nephron in the kidney under three different conditions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 1
Step 1
3.1.1 Name the hormone in a human body that is responsible for controlling that:
(a) Water content
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Answer
The hormone responsible for controlling water content in the body is Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.
Step 2
(b) Salt content
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Answer
The hormone responsible for controlling salt content in the body is Aldosterone.
Step 3
3.1.2 Name the gland that secretes the hormone in QUESTION 3.1.1(b).
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The gland that secretes Aldosterone is the adrenal gland.
Step 4
3.1.3 Which diagram (1, 2 or 3) would represent a person who had eaten salty chips on a hot day without any intake of water?
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Diagram 3 would represent a person who has consumed salty chips and is dehydrated. This is because the high salt intake would trigger the kidneys to retain water, resulting in less urine production.
Step 5
3.1.4 Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.1.3.
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Answer
In Diagram 3, the re-absorption of water is increased due to the high salt concentration in the blood after consuming salty chips. Consequently, less water would be excreted in the urine, making the renal tubules more permeable to water, thereby preserving water in the body.
