2.1 The diagram below represents the human male reproductive system - NSC Life Sciences - Question 2 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 2
2.1 The diagram below represents the human male reproductive system.
(The diagram is drawn to scale.)
2.1.1 Identify structure A.
2.1.2 State ONE function of par... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:2.1 The diagram below represents the human male reproductive system - NSC Life Sciences - Question 2 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Identify structure A.
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Answer
Structure A is the seminal vesicle.
Step 2
State ONE function of part D in reproduction.
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Answer
Part D functions to transport semen out of the body.
Step 3
Give TWO reasons why structure B is NOT considered to be an endocrine gland.
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Answer
Structure B does not produce hormones.
It transports its secretions in ducts rather than directly into the bloodstream.
Step 4
Name the type of gametogenesis that occurs in part C.
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The type of gametogenesis that occurs in part C is spermatogenesis.
Step 5
How do the secretions of structures A and B improve the chances of fertilisation?
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The secretions of structure A are alkaline, which neutralizes the acidity of the vagina, facilitating sperm movement. Additionally, structure A's secretion provides nutrients for the sperm, while structure B helps transport the sperm through the reproductive tract.
Step 6
Identify part A.
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Part A is the acrosome.
Step 7
Describe the role of structure B during fertilisation.
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Structure B fuses with the nucleus of the ovum, allowing the sperm to penetrate the ovum and thereby facilitating fertilisation.
Step 8
Explain the role of the organelles found in large numbers in part C.
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The organelles provide energy and are essential for cellular respiration, which is crucial for the movement of the sperm toward the egg.
Step 9
Explain TWO reasons why sperm 1 is structurally better suited for fertilisation than sperm 2.
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Sperm 1 has a longer tail, ensuring faster movement towards the ovum.
The acrosome of sperm 1 enables it to penetrate the ovum effectively.
Step 10
State TWO functions of hormone D.
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Hormone D stimulates ovulation.
It regulates the menstrual cycle.
Step 11
Explain why a female who is struggling to get pregnant: (a) May be given pills containing hormone A as a treatment.
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Pills containing hormone A can stimulate the development of ovarian follicles, which increases the chances for the female to fall pregnant.
Step 12
(b) Will have her levels of hormone B constantly monitored.
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Monitoring hormone B will indicate when ovulation is about to occur, allowing for optimal timing for conception.
Step 13
Explain how the levels of hormone A on days 0 to 5 will differ in a pregnant female.
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In a pregnant female, hormone A levels will remain elevated, preventing ovulation and maintaining the conditions necessary for fetal implantation.
Step 14
Describe the secretion of the ovarian hormones and their role in the menstrual cycle.
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Ovarian hormones like oestrogen and progesterone are secreted during the menstrual cycle to regulate the development of the endometrium and prepare the body for potential pregnancy.
Step 15
Name the type of fertilisation that takes place in both fish species.
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Both fish species use external fertilisation.
Step 16
Explain why both species are oviparous.
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Both species are oviparous because they release eggs into the water where fertilisation takes place externally.
Step 17
Describe TWO ways in which the chances of fertilisation are increased in the northern pike fish.
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The northern pike releases a large number of gametes, increasing the probability of egg and sperm meeting.
The fertilised eggs have a higher survival rate when attached to vegetation, providing protection.
Step 18
Which graph (X or Y) represents the survival rate of the northern pike fish?
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Graph X represents the survival rate of the northern pike fish.
Step 19
Explain your answer to QUESTION 2.5.4.
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Graph X shows a higher survival rate of fish embryos, likely because the pike's fertilised eggs are sheltered, reducing predation.
Step 20
Identify: (a) Gland A.
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Gland A is the pancreas.
Step 21
(b) Hormone C.
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Hormone C is glucagon.
Step 22
Explain how this will affect the blood glucose levels.
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Decreased production of hormone B means glucose cannot be effectively converted to glycogen, leading to increased blood glucose levels.
Step 23
(b) Name the disorder.
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The disorder is diabetes mellitus.
Step 24
Explain why this treatment may work.
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Adrenalin stimulates the liver, facilitating the conversion of glycogen back to glucose, thus helping to manage blood glucose levels.
