1.1 1.1.1 What is the basic structural unit of the nervous system? A - NSC Life Sciences - Question 1 - 2016 - Paper 1

The type of neuron responsible for transmitting signals towards the central nervous system is the sensory neuron. Sensory neurons carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system for processing.

The part of the neuron that receives incoming signals is the dendrites. Dendrites are tree-like structures that extend from the neuron and receive signals from other neurons.

The gap between two neurons is called a synapse. The synapse is where neurotransmitters are released from one neuron to communicate with another neuron.

Diagram 2 illustrates how information is processed in neurons, showing the flow of signals between different parts of the nervous system.

The myelin sheath is responsible for insulating the neuron's axon. This insulation allows electrical impulses to travel faster along the axon.

Neurotransmitters help neurons communicate with each other. They are released from the synaptic terminal of one neuron and bind to receptors on the next neuron, facilitating the transmission of signals.

The structure of the brain includes the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Each part has distinct functions and roles in the overall functioning of the nervous system.

The function of the cerebellum is coordination of movement. It processes information from sensory systems to regulate balance and fine motor skills.

The typical lifespan of the human neuron is a lifetime. Neurons generally do not divide, and many remain functional throughout a person's life.